WMO Report: Asia's Warming Rate Doubled (1991-2025), 2025 Among Hottest Years with Record Ocean Heat

UK Met Office Forecasts Record El Nino >3°C; 2027 Likely Hottest Year on Record

The UK Met Office has forecast the strongest El Nino in over a century, with Pacific sea surface temperatures rising over 3°C above normal. This unprecedented event could make 2027 the hottest year globally, impacting global weather patterns including drier conditions in India and severe droughts in South America and the West Pacific.

Black Carbon Crisis: 1/3 Himalayan Glacier Loss Linked to 32-42% Brick Kiln Soot Emissions

A new Systemiq report titled 'A Resilient Himalaya' links about one-third of Himalayan glacier mass loss to South Asian black carbon, with brick kilns contributing 32–42% of the deposition. Since black carbon is a short-lived pollutant, reducing kiln emissions can simultaneously improve local air quality and slow glacier melt — a rare fast-win climate action for India.

Western Himalaya Warming 7.18°C by 2100, Snow Loss Triple Under High Emissions: Study

A new study reveals that the Western Himalaya is warming faster than the central and eastern parts, with winter temperatures projected to rise by over 7°C by 2100 under high emissions. This will lead to severe snow loss, threatening water security for 1.5 billion people dependent on glacier-fed rivers like the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra.

Climate Change Study: 0.01°C/yr Temp Rise, 3.97mm/yr Rain Decline in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

A study reveals that climate change is disrupting the phenology of forests in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, with a 0.01°C annual temperature rise and 3.97 mm annual rainfall decline from 1950 to 2018, leading to altered growing seasons and threatening endemic species. This data is critical for understanding climate impacts on biodiversity hotspots, a recurring theme in UPSC environment and geography questions.

2026 Monsoon Prediction Failure: El Niño Accuracy vs. Sub-seasonal Erratic Evolution Challenges

Climate models accurately predicted the 2026 El Niño and a deficient monsoon season, but failed to capture the erratic, sub-seasonal swings—like June’s 40% deficit followed by July’s recovery—which severely impacted farmers. This highlights a critical gap: while seasonal all-India rainfall totals can be forecast, long-lead predictions of spatial and temporal monsoon evolution remain unreliable, and AI-driven hybrid models are the most promising way forward.

Myristica Swamps in Western Ghats: 500-Million-Year-Old Ecosystem at Risk, Only 53 Patches Remain

Myristica swamps, ancient freshwater wetlands in the Western Ghats with 500 million years of genetic history, are down to just 53 patches in Kerala. They are vital for flood control, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity but face extinction from agriculture, logging, and past plywood exploitation. Urgent conservation is needed.

ISRO's Oceansat-3 Captures Sharp Drop in Pacific Marine Productivity as El Niño Warms Ocean

ISRO's Oceansat-3 satellite has detected a sharp decline in chlorophyll-a in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during April-June 2026, linked to the developing El Niño. This reduction in marine productivity threatens the ocean food chain and serves as an early climate indicator ahead of a forecast strong El Niño event from September 2026 to February 2027.

GRSE Launches Indigenous ORV 'Sagar Manthan' for NCPOR under ₹4,077 Cr Deep Ocean Mission

India launched its indigenous ocean research vessel 'Sagar Manthan' on Sep 9, 2026, built by GRSE for NCPOR under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. This vessel fills a critical gap in India's aging research fleet, ending dependence on foreign ships for deep-sea mineral exploration. It directly supports the ₹4,077 crore Deep Ocean Mission and strengthens India's blue economy and strategic underwater domain awareness.