India's metro network has grown fourfold to 1,100 km, but most new systems struggle with ridership (25-35% of projections) and high debt. The article examines the tension between metro as a prestige project and the need for integrated, affordable urban transit – a key GS-3 (infrastructure/urbanization) and GS-2 (governance/policy) issue for exams.
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- ›Current network length: >1,100 km (fourfold increase in a decade)
- ›Under construction: 900 km
- ›Target this Data: India's metro network length – >1,100 km (2026); daily ridership >1 crore.
- ›Target this Nodal Body: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
- ›Target this Policy: Metro Rail Policy, 2017 – emphasizes financial viability over other modes.
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