New research shows that the 2018 EPF reform, which reduced mandatory PF contributions for newly employed women from 12% to 8%, led to a 11.6% reduction in healthcare spending by female-led households. Women redirected the extra income towards nutrition and fitness, suggesting that increasing women's earnings can shift household priorities towards preventive health, reducing future healthcare burden.
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- ›EPF Reform Year: 2018
- ›PF Contribution Cut: 12% to 8% for first 3 years for newly employed women
- ›Target this Data: 11.6% reduction in healthcare expenditure by female-led households after EPF reform.
- ›Target this Reform: 2018 EPF reform – reduced PF contribution from 12% to 8% for newly employed women in first 3 years.
- ›Target this Journal: Oxford Open Economics (forthcoming research).
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