June 3, 1947 Mountbatten Plan Created India & Pakistan Under Independence Act 1947

India Rejects China-Pakistan Boundary Joint Commission: 1963 Agreement Ceded 5,180 sq km of Shaksgam Valley, India Claims 38,000 sq km

India has rejected the newly operationalized China-Pakistan Boundary Joint Commission, reiterating that no border exists between the two nations as it involves Indian territory illegally occupied by Pakistan. The commission traces back to the 1963 China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement, under which Pakistan ceded the Shaksgam Valley (5,180 sq km) to China, while India continues to claim approximately 38,000 sq km of its territory in Ladakh under Chinese occupation. This issue has been a persistent point of contention with historical roots in the Treaty of Amritsar (1846) and India's consistent diplomatic protests.

Radcliffe Line: How a British Barrister Drew India-Pakistan Border in 6 Weeks

This article details the rushed, opaque process by which Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British barrister with no prior knowledge of India, drew the boundary between India and Pakistan in just six weeks. The delayed announcement of the Radcliffe Line on August 17, 1947, after independence, contributed to one of the largest and most violent mass migrations in history—a critical event for understanding the human cost of Partition.

India Bars Sheikh Hasina from Political Activities; Extradition Request Under Review

India has informed a Parliamentary panel that former Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina cannot conduct political activities from Indian soil. Dhaka has sent an extradition request, which India is legally examining, while also urging early renewal of the 1996 Ganga Water Treaty and normalization of visa services for Bangladeshi nationals.

Nine-Judge SC Bench Set to Define 'Industry' under ID Act; NMC Proposes Single Nationwide Doctor Licence

Today's digest packs multiple high-yield facts: NMC proposes a UID-based single licence for doctors valid across India, a nine-judge Supreme Court Bench is set to pronounce its verdict on the meaning of 'industry' under the Industrial Disputes Act, and Bangladesh holds its first presidential election in 35 years. For aspirants, the NMC draft regulation and the SC verdict are direct Prelims and Mains material for healthcare policy, labour law, and constitutional interpretation.

In Absentia Trial Initiated Against Hafiz Saeed, 5 Others for 26/11 Attacks Under BNSS Section 356

India has initiated the process for an in absentia trial against six absconding Pakistani accused, including Hafiz Saeed and Zaki-Ur-Rehman Lakhvi, for the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. This marks a significant legal step under the newly enacted BNSS 2023, allowing trial in the accused's absence to avoid delays. For exam aspirants, this highlights the intersection of criminal procedure, cross-border terrorism, and India's evolving legal framework.

India-Bangladesh Extradition Treaty 2013: Political Offence Exception Under Article 6 Blocks Hasina Handover

Bangladesh has formally sought the extradition of former PM Sheikh Hasina from India under the 2013 bilateral extradition treaty. However, Article 6 (Political Offence Exception) and Article 8 (Good Faith Clause) provide India strong legal grounds to refuse, especially given the disputed ICT verdict. This case tests the treaty's resilience amid strained bilateral ties.

India Unveils PRAHAAR Policy, Shifts from Restraint to Proactive Counter-Terrorism

India has evolved from a passive counter-terrorism posture to a proactive, punitive strategy, marked by cross-border surgical strikes, Operation Sindoor (2025), and the release of its first comprehensive National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy, 'PRAHAAR' (Feb 2026). This shift, from restraint to treating cross-border terror as an 'act of war', is a critical development for UPSC, MPSC, and Security-focused exams.

India-EU FTA Draft Copyright Chapter Threatens Fair Dealing, TPM Exceptions Under Copyright Act

The draft India-EU FTA's IP chapter could force India to amend its Copyright Act, weakening existing exceptions for students, researchers, librarians, and ISPs. By excluding the WIPO Copyright Treaty from the National Treatment clause, the FTA threatens India's digital policy flexibilities and could criminalize legitimate acts like bypassing digital locks for education and security research.