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Great Nicobar Project: ₹90,000 Cr Mega Project Raises Tribal Rights vs National Interest Debate

Target:UPSC GS-IIIMPSCTeachingSSC GAPrelims HighMains HighStatic GK Link
30 Jun 2026
~2 min
Source: Indian Express
Key Data:₹90,000 crore166 sq km73 sq km77 sq kmFewer than 300 Shompen35,000-60,000 Great Andamanese (historical)
Bodies:Supreme Court of the United States (historical reference)United Nations
Practice MCQs from today's news ▸
What This Article Covers

1.The ₹90,000 crore Great Nicobar Island project includes a trans-shipment port, airport, township, power plant, and tourism facilities across 166 sq km.

2.The project requires 73 sq km of tribal reserve areas, displacing the Shompen (fewer than 300 people) and Great Nicobarese tribes without their consent.

3.Historical parallels: The Great Andamanese population fell from 35,000-60,000 to fewer than 100 today; the Onge and Jarawa faced similar fates due to forced contact and displacement.

The Big Picture
Prelims · HighMains · High

The Great Nicobar Island mega project (₹90,000 crore, 166 sq km) raises a fundamental ethical dilemma: can a project justified by national/strategic interest be considered just if it displaces indigenous tribes (Shompen, Great Nicobarese) without their consent? The article draws parallels with colonial doctrines (Doctrine of Discovery, terra nullius) and historical tragedies of the Great Andamanese, Onge, and Jarawa tribes, warning against repeating past injustices.

Exam Lens

Quick Exam Facts From News

Project Cost₹90,000 crore
Project Area166 sq km
Tribal Reserve Area Required73 sq km
Compensatory Land77 sq km (peripheral)
Shompen PopulationFewer than 300
Great Andamanese Population (historical)35,000-60,000 (now <100)
Great Andamanese Population (today)Fewer than 100 on Strait Island

1-Minute Revision

  • ›Project Cost: ₹90,000 crore
  • ›Project Area: 166 sq km
  • ›Target this Data: ₹90,000 crore project cost, 166 sq km area, 73 sq km tribal reserve required, 77 sq km compensatory land
  • ›Target this Nodal Body: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) / Ministry of Tribal Affairs (for tribal rights clearance)
  • ›Target this Legal Point: Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (colonial origins); Public Trust Doctrine; UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

Mastered this topic? Test your knowledge with a full MCQ quiz.

Practice exam-style questions, track your score, and strengthen your recall.

Q1Static LinkageEasy

Which colonial-era legal principle is cited in the article as justifying the takeover of indigenous lands by European nations?

Q2Statement-basedHard

Consider the following statements regarding the Great Nicobar Island project:

1. The project includes an international container trans-shipment port, a civil-military airport, and luxury tourism facilities.

2. The project requires 77 sq km of tribal reserve areas, for which 73 sq km of compensatory peripheral land is provided.

3. The Shompen population is fewer than 300 individuals, and they are the world's only population of this indigenous group.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q3Data-centricMedium

According to the article, what was the estimated population of the Great Andamanese before the arrival of British settlers in the 1850s?

Q4Application/ImpactMedium

What is the primary ethical dilemma raised by the article regarding the Great Nicobar Island project?

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