E85 Fuel Launched at ~₹20/L, FAR for G-Secs Made Tax-Free, and Seismic Wave Types Explained

National Critical Mineral Mission: ₹1,500 Cr Urban Mining Scheme Approved (2025-31) to Boost Circular Economy

India's heavy dependence on imported critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earths) is a strategic vulnerability. Urban mining — recovering materials from e-waste, C&D waste, and end-of-life vehicles — offers a faster, domestic, and environmentally cleaner alternative. The Union Cabinet approved a ₹1,500 crore incentive scheme under the National Critical Mineral Mission (2025-31) to build this capacity, with EPR rules mandating recycled content in new batteries.

Cabinet Approves Rs 23,731 Cr GOBARdhan Scheme; Rajya Sabha Clears Rs 54,067 Cr Appropriation Bill

The UPSC Key article covers multiple critical topics: the Rajya Sabha cleared the Appropriation Bill for Rs 54,067 Cr excess expenditure, the Cabinet approved the Rs 23,731 Cr GOBARdhan scheme to boost CBG production, and new high-resolution images of the Sun's surface were captured. Also includes data on road safety Good Samaritans, school consolidation, and ethanol policy.

Private Players Seek Green Energy Status for Nuclear Power; 100 GWe, $228 Bn Target by 2047

Private players are pushing for nuclear power to be classified as 'green energy' to unlock green bonds, green loans, and blended finance. NITI Aayog is reviewing existing green finance frameworks (MoF, RBI, SEBI) to include nuclear energy. India targets 100 GWe nuclear capacity by 2047, requiring $228 billion investment.

E20 Ethanol Fuel Used in 4 Crore Vehicles; Flex-Fuel Engines to End ₹22 Lakh Cr Fuel Imports

E20 ethanol-blended petrol is being used in 4 crore four-wheelers and 20 million two-wheelers without harming vehicles and with improved mileage. Union Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that automobile companies will produce flex-fuel engines capable of running on 100% ethanol, potentially saving ₹22 lakh crore in fuel imports and boosting farmers' income through higher maize prices.

Kudankulam Nuclear Reactor Costs Surge 55%: Impact on India's Nuclear Expansion Plans

Cost of four under-construction nuclear reactors at Kudankulam has risen by 55% to ₹1,38,330 crore, driven by Russia-Ukraine war. This poses a challenge to India's ambitious nuclear expansion plans and could increase electricity tariffs, especially as the government opens the sector to private participation.

Ministry of Mines Notifies 2 Offshore Mineral Blocks Near Great Nicobar for Polymetallic Nodules

India has notified two offshore mineral blocks near Great Nicobar Island for polymetallic nodule and crust exploration, strengthening its critical minerals push under the blue economy framework. This connects directly to the Deep Ocean Mission, Samudra Manthan scheme, UNCLOS, and India's strategic need for deep-sea mineral security. For exams, remember the Act, the minerals, the contracts, and the institutional framework.

MNRE Proposes Polysilicon Incentive; Solar Cell Capacity to Triple to 100 GW

India is planning a support scheme to incentivize domestic polysilicon manufacturing, a key raw material for solar panels currently 100% imported. This move aims to deepen the solar value chain, with solar cell capacity expected to triple to 100 GW within a year. Additionally, renewable energy is helping reduce DISCOM power purchase costs, with RE-RTC tariffs matching nuclear power at Rs 5.25/unit.

MNRE Secy Flags 42 GW RE Capacity Without PPAs, CERC Allows Exit Option for Developers

42 GW of renewable energy capacity is stranded without power purchase agreements (PPAs). High-tariff hybrid and vanilla solar projects are particularly struggling to find buyers among DISCOMs. The CERC has introduced a penalty-free exit option for developers, while MNRE pushes for polysilicon self-sufficiency (30 GW by 2030) and alternative battery technologies like vanadium flow.