FCRA Rules Amended: NGOs Must Choose Predefined Purposes, Exclude Proselytisation, Restrict Foreign Key Functionaries

Calcutta HC Cancels OBC-A and OBC-B Certificates Issued Under 2025 TMC Rules

The Calcutta High Court has cancelled all OBC certificates issued under the OBC-A and OBC-B categories created by the previous TMC government in 2025. This landmark ruling affects thousands of certificate holders who will now be treated as general category candidates, directly impacting reservation policies and state-level classification powers.

Bombay HC Rules Community Health Volunteers Entitled to Minimum Wage Under 1948 Act

The Bombay High Court has ruled that community health volunteers working for the BMC are entitled to minimum wages under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, rejecting the argument that their honorarium exempts them. This judgment strengthens labour rights for contractual and volunteer workers, an important topic for UPSC labour jurisprudence and social security.

Patna HC Rules Religious Freedom Under Article 25 Subject to Public Order and Morality

Patna High Court holds that the right to profess and practise religion under Article 25 is not absolute and can be restricted for public order, morality, and health. This reiterates the essential religious practices doctrine and clarifies that constitutional protection does not extend to every mode of exercise. A plea for 300 devotees in a religious procession in Siwan, Bihar, was dismissed citing past law-and-order incidents.

Calcutta HC Rules Electricity Essential for Dignified Life, Restores Power in Disputed Property

Calcutta High Court held that electricity is essential for 'meaningful civilized living' under Article 21. It restored power to occupants of a disputed property but clarified that restoration does not create any right to stay or equity in their favour.

SC Rules BCI Cannot Discipline Law Students; Manipur Ethnic Violence Toll 306 Dead, 49 Missing Since 2023

A landmark Supreme Court ruling clarifies that the Bar Council of India (BCI) has no disciplinary authority over law students, limiting its powers under the Advocates Act, 1961 to registered advocates only. Meanwhile, Manipur's Home Minister disclosed in the Assembly that 306 people have been killed and 49 are missing in ethnic violence since May 2023. These two developments carry significant weight for UPSC Polity and Social Issues sections.

Delhi HC Upholds NMC Rule Barring Foreign Medical Grads with Multi-College Degrees from FMGE

The Delhi High Court has upheld the National Medical Commission's decision to bar Indian students who obtained medical degrees after studying across multiple foreign institutions from appearing in the Foreign Medical Graduate Examination (FMGE). The court ruled that such 'fragmented education' compromises medical quality and is not in public interest, reinforcing the need for embassy attestation of foreign degrees.

Chhattisgarh HC Rules Shariyat Court Cannot Legally Dissolve Marriage; Triple Talaq Order Set Aside

Chhattisgarh High Court held that a Shariyat Court's declaration of triple talaq (Talaq-e-Hasan) has no legal authority. The judgment reinforces the supremacy of constitutional law over religious decrees, a crucial topic for UPSC mains on secularism and Uniform Civil Code.

Chhattisgarh HC Rules Religious Institutions Cannot Function as Courts; Quashes Shariya Court Triple Talaq Order

The Chhattisgarh High Court has ruled that no religious institution can assume the authority of a court established by law, striking down a Shariya court's triple talaq order. This reinforces the constitutional supremacy of the legal system over personal religious practices, a critical issue for UPSC Polity and Social Justice.