Bangladesh PM Tarique Rahman Seeks Extradition of Sheikh Hasina; R&AW Chief Visits Dhaka for Security Talks

Pakistan Army Chief Visits Iran: Talks on Reopening Strait of Hormuz, De-escalation of US-Iran Conflict

Pakistan's Army Chief visited Iran to discuss reopening the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz and de-escalating the US-Iran conflict. The strait, through which a fifth of global oil passed before the conflict began, remains choked. This visit is part of Pakistan's broader mediation efforts, having previously acted as a guarantor for an interim peace agreement that has since derailed.

India Joins P4M Alliance, Seeks UN Security Council Seat 2028-29 as UN Authority Fades

India's growing global influence coincides with the UN's declining authority. The article analyses India's strategic dilemma: it must shape international rules while avoiding dependence on rival power blocs. Key development: India co-launched the Partners for Multilateralism (P4M) group with Brazil, Canada, Kenya, EU, Australia, Barbados to counter economic coercion and advance collective interests.

US-Iran Talks on Strait of Hormuz Reopening: Oman-Backed Interim Deal Near, India's Energy Security at Stake

US President Trump claims an interim deal with Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz is imminent, with Oman and Qatar mediating. Any disruption here directly impacts India's crude oil imports and global energy prices, making this a key IR and energy security topic for exams.

India-Bangladesh Ties Strain as Hasina Extradition Row Clouds Tarique Rahman Visit

Rashtrapati Bhavan's flip-flop over Tarique Rahman's ceremonial welcome highlights the deep strain in India-Bangladesh ties due to Sheikh Hasina's extradition issue. The visit remains uncertain as Dhaka insists on a 'propitious environment'—a precondition linked to Hasina's presence in India and her public statements. This is a high-stakes diplomatic test for India's neighbourhood policy.

India-Bangladesh Tensions: Ganga Water Treaty Renewal, Teesta Stalemate, Hasina Factor

India-Bangladesh relations are strained due to Sheikh Hasina's exile in India, unresolved water sharing issues (Teesta and Ganga treaty renewal), and the new BNP government under Tarique Rahman. Strategic concerns include revival of extremism, China's influence, and Pakistan's attempts to drive a wedge. The Ganga Water Treaty expires December 2026, requiring renegotiation.

US-Iran Hold First Shuttle Talks in Months; Brent Crude Below $100 Amid West Asia War

The US and Iran held their first shuttle talks in months via a Qatari mediator on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, raising hopes for progress in ending the West Asia war (Operation Epic Fury). The diplomatic opening helped keep oil prices near two-week lows with Brent crude holding below the $100-a-barrel threshold.

US-Denmark-Greenland Security Pact Allows Permanent US Basing, Bans Non-NATO Presence in Arctic

The US-Denmark-Greenland security pact, announced on September 18, gives the US permanent basing and overflight rights in Greenland and bars non-NATO nations from building bases or making sensitive investments without US approval. It resolves the NATO strain caused by Trump's annexation demand while preserving Danish/Greenland sovereignty, and remains valid even if Greenland becomes independent. This reshapes Arctic geopolitics amid Russia's military expansion and China's growing footprint.

US Envoy Invites Bangladesh to Join Pax Silica Alliance: Critical Minerals & AI Focus

US Special Envoy Sergio Gor has called on Bangladesh to join the Pax Silica initiative, a US-led global economic security alliance focused on critical minerals, energy, semiconductors, and AI infrastructure. This signals Washington's push to reduce Chinese tech dominance and build alternative supply chains in South Asia.