India's deep integration into global supply chains makes it vulnerable to geopolitical shocks. Key vulnerabilities include 85% dependence on imported crude oil, 50% on gas, and high reliance on China for pharmaceutical intermediates (65-70%) and East Asia for semiconductors. Building resilience requires an integrated strategy focusing on energy diversification via 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030, securing critical raw materials like lithium and cobalt, and deepening domestic manufacturing in upstream sectors like APIs and semiconductors.
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1-Minute Revision
- ›Crude Oil Import Dependence: 85%
- ›Gas Import Dependence: Over 50%
- ›Target this Data: India imports 85% of its crude oil and over 50% of its natural gas.
- ›Target this Data: Every $10 per barrel hike in crude prices can lower GDP growth by 0.2-0.3 percentage points.
- ›Target this Nodal Body: The National Green Hydrogen Mission (under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy).
- ›Target this Data: Domestic output of oilseeds meets only 44% of India's demand.
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