ISRO Gaganyaan's First Uncrewed Mission HLVM3 G1/OM1 Delayed, Launch Date to be Announced Soon

ESA-ISRO Sign TIP for Gaganyaan; Venus Orbiter Mission Launch Set for March 2028

ESA and ISRO are deepening cooperation in human spaceflight (Gaganyaan), lunar exploration, and Venus missions. A Technical Implementing Plan (TIP) has been signed for ground tracking support for Gaganyaan. India's Venus Orbiter Mission is scheduled for launch in March 2028 with 19 payloads.

India's First Private Orbital Rocket Vikram-1 Launched July 18; Gaganyaan Parachute Test Qualified

India's first privately developed orbital rocket Vikram-1, built by Skyroot Aerospace, was successfully launched on July 18, 2026, from Sriharikota under 'Mission Aagaman', making India only the third country globally to achieve private orbital launch capability. The article also covers new IN-SPACe re-entry guidelines, Gaganyaan mission progress (SOLVE motor test, IMAT-05 parachute test, crew module qualification), and a Tracxn report revealing SpaceTech funding concentration. Critical for UPSC: space sector reforms, private participation, and ISRO's human spaceflight milestones.

India's Space Launch Cost Highest at $13,302/kg; Study Cites ISRO's Small Rocket Fleet & Infrequent Launches

A peer-reviewed study published in Economics Letters reveals that India's per-kilogram cost to send payload to low-earth orbit is the highest among major spacefaring nations at $13,302, contradicting its reputation for low-cost launches. The high cost is attributed to ISRO's reliance on small rockets and insufficient launch frequency, preventing economies of scale.

ISRO's GISAT-1A Launch in September 2026 After Two PSLV Failures; Expert Report Not Published

ISRO is set to launch GISAT-1A in September 2026 after two consecutive PSLV failures in 2025 and early 2026. The mission is crucial for restoring confidence in ISRO's launch capabilities. Additionally, the government's refusal to publish the National Level Expert Committee report raises transparency concerns relevant for governance and accountability.

Gaganyaan Crew Module to Use Ablative Heat Shield for Re-entry Speeds of 7,500-8,000 m/s

Gaganyaan's crew module faces extreme heat (7,500-8,000 m/s) during re-entry. An ablative thermal protection system (TPS) is critical to prevent melting. This article explains the working of the TPS and why it is essential for the mission's success.

India's Space Launch Cost $13,302/kg in 2025 vs Global Avg $3,868; Only 5 Launches vs Target 30

India's space sector faces a critical challenge: high launch costs ($13,302/kg in 2025) and infrequent launches (5 vs target 30) undermine competitiveness against SpaceX and China. The editorial argues for a shift from romantic nationalism to a business-focused approach emphasizing reliability, cost reduction, and heavy-lift capacity to capture global market share.

ISRO to Launch EOS-05 (GISAT-1A) via GSLV F17 on Sept 4; Replaces Failed GISAT-1

ISRO ends a seven-month launch hiatus with the launch of EOS-05 (GISAT-1A) on September 4, 2026 via GSLV-F17. This earth observation satellite, a replacement for the failed GISAT-1 (2021), will provide critical real-time imagery for disaster monitoring, agriculture, and forestry — a key upgrade for India's space-based surveillance capabilities.

ISRO Clarifies Pvt Sector Role: Targets $44B Space Economy, Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035, Moon Mission by 2040

ISRO has addressed employee concerns, stating that private sector participation in space is not a threat but an expansion of the ecosystem. The agency will focus on advanced missions like Bharatiya Antariksh Station (2035) and crewed Moon mission (2040), while routine production shifts to industry. India aims to grow its space economy from $8.4B to $44B by 2033.