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PM-KUSUM 2.0: Grid-Connected Solar Models Can Curb Groundwater Over-Exploitation

Target:UPSC GS-IIIMPSCTeachingSSC GAPrelims HighMains HighStatic GK Link
20 Aug 2026
~2 min
Source: The Hindu
Key Data:2.5 million solar pumps~₹7 per unit feed-in tariff~₹21,900 annual incomeOver ₹1 lakh crore ag. subsidies45-62 million tonnes CO2/year12.3 tonnes CO2 offset per farmer
Bodies:International Water Management InstituteMNRE
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What This Article Covers

1.PM-KUSUM has installed over 2.5 million solar pumps in five years, raising groundwater sustainability concerns.

2.Grid-connected solar models with buyback tariffs (e.g., Gujarat’s SKY scheme) show slower groundwater extraction and provide farmers ~₹21,900 annual income.

3.The article argues for a differentiated regional approach: grid-connected models in water-stressed areas, standalone pumps in rainfed eastern India.

The Big Picture
Prelims · HighMains · High

India’s PM-KUSUM scheme has installed 2.5 million solar pumps, raising concerns over groundwater depletion. However, the real issue is not solar irrigation itself but the model deployed. Grid-connected systems with feed-in tariffs and fee-for-service models can incentivize water conservation, while standalone pumps are better for rainfed eastern India. PM-KUSUM 2.0 must adopt a differentiated regional approach.

Exam Lens

Quick Exam Facts From News

SchemePM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan)
Solar Pumps InstalledOver 2.5 million
Gujarat SKY Feed-in Tariff~₹7 per unit
Avg. Farmer Income from SKY~₹21,900 annually
CO2 Offset per Grid-Connected Farmer (Gujarat)~12.3 tonnes/year
India’s Ag. Electricity SubsidiesOver ₹1 lakh crore/year
Ag. Irrigation CO2 Emissions45-62 million tonnes/year

1-Minute Revision

  • ›Scheme: PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan)
  • ›Solar Pumps Installed: Over 2.5 million
  • ›Target this Data: PM-KUSUM has installed over 2.5 million solar pumps.
  • ›Target this Data: Gujarat SKY scheme feed-in tariff ~₹7/unit, farmer income ~₹21,900/year.
  • ›Target this Data: India’s agricultural electricity subsidies exceed ₹1 lakh crore/year; irrigation CO2 emissions 45-62 million tonnes/year.

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Practice exam-style questions, track your score, and strengthen your recall.

Q1Static LinkageEasy

Which ministry is primarily responsible for implementing the PM-KUSUM scheme mentioned in the article?

Q2Statement-basedHard

Consider the following statements:

1. Grid-connected solar models with feed-in tariffs can incentivize farmers to conserve water and export surplus energy.

2. The Gujarat SKY scheme offered farmers a feed-in tariff of approximately ₹3 per unit of electricity exported.

3. In Bangladesh’s fee-for-service solar model, excessive irrigation by one farmer reduced the operator’s ability to serve others, promoting efficient water use.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q3Data-centricMedium

According to the article, how many solar pumps have been installed under PM-KUSUM over the past five years?

Q4Application/ImpactMedium

What is the primary policy recommendation in the article for advancing PM-KUSUM 2.0 in water-stressed regions of India?

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