PolityGovernance
News 18 of 33

Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 Lacks Safeguards for Government Surveillance; Safe City Project Installs 3,500 AI Cameras in Delhi

Target:UPSC GS-IIMPSCTeachingSSC GAPrelims HighMains HighStatic GK Link
25 Mar 2026
~2 min
Source: Indian Express
Key Data:DPDPA 20233,500 AI camerasNATGRID linked to NPR in early 2026119 crore residents87% survey respondents92 locations in Goa
Bodies:Supreme CourtComptroller & Auditor General (CAG)LocalCircles
Practice MCQs from today's news ▸
What This Article Covers

1.Surveillance expansion: AI-powered cameras, FRS, and data systems (NATGRID, Safe City) are being deployed nationwide for public safety, but without specific laws regulating government data collection.

2.Legal gap: The DPDPA 2023 and IT Rules 2021 focus on private platforms, leaving government surveillance systems lacking transparency, data retention limits, and algorithmic accountability.

3.Supreme Court standard: The Puttaswamy judgment mandates state restrictions on privacy must be lawful, necessary, and proportionate; current surveillance rollout arguably fails this test.

The Big Picture
Prelims · HighMains · High

Government-led surveillance systems like CCTV, Facial Recognition, and NATGRID are expanding rapidly across India without adequate legal safeguards for data privacy. While the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 provides a framework, it largely excludes government data collection, creating a gap where state surveillance operates without transparency or proportionality, raising fundamental questions about privacy in a democracy.

Exam Lens

Quick Exam Facts From News

DPDPA Year2023
Delhi Safe City Cameras3,500 AI-enabled cameras
NATGRID Linked DatabaseNational Population Register (NPR)
NPR Resident DataFamily-level data of ~119 crore residents
Survey on Data Exposure87% of respondents believe private details exposed (2025 LocalCircles survey)
Goan AI Camera Locations92 locations

1-Minute Revision

  • ›DPDPA Year: 2023
  • ›Delhi Safe City Cameras: 3,500 AI-enabled cameras
  • ›Target this Data: DPDPA enacted in 2023; Delhi Safe City Project Phase 1 deployed ~3,500 AI cameras.
  • ›Target this Nodal Body: Ministry of Home Affairs (for Safe City Project, NATGRID).
  • ›Target this Legal Point: Supreme Court's Puttaswamy judgment (2017) established privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21, with the 'lawful, necessary, proportionate' test.

Mastered this topic? Test your knowledge with a full MCQ quiz.

Practice exam-style questions, track your score, and strengthen your recall.

Q1Static LinkageEasy

Which ministry is primarily responsible for initiatives like the Safe City Project and NATGRID mentioned in the article?

Q2Statement-basedHard

Consider the following statements regarding surveillance and data protection in India:

1. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 provides a comprehensive framework that also regulates the government's collection and use of personal data for surveillance.

2. The Supreme Court, in the Puttaswamy judgment, held that any state restriction on the right to privacy must be lawful, necessary, and proportionate.

3. The National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) was officially connected to the National Population Register (NPR) in early 2026, providing access to family-level demographic data.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q3Data-centricMedium

According to the article, how many AI-enabled cameras were deployed in Delhi under the first phase of the Safe City Project starting October 2025?

Q4Application/ImpactMedium

What is the primary concern raised by the article regarding the expansion of government surveillance systems in India?

All 25 MCQs ▸
You finished this topic
Explore Related Topics
Related Current Affairs
Polity Current Affairs

Govt Informs SC: Nilekani-led NEET Reforms Panel to Submit Interim Report by September End

The high-powered Nandan Nilekani-led panel on NEET structural reforms is set to submit its first interim report by September 2026. The Supreme Court is closely monitoring, stressing a permanent NTA structure. This impacts the future conduct of India's largest medical entrance exam, making it crucial for aspirants tracking exam security reforms.

Polity Current Affairs

Delhi HC: LLM Training on Copyrighted Works is Fair Dealing, Not Infringement

The Delhi High Court has ruled that training AI models (LLMs) on copyrighted works can fall under India's 'fair dealing' exception, providing legal cover for AI developers. The court rejected the US-style 'fair use' four-factor test and developed a unique fairness test focusing on market harm. This ruling is crucial for AI development in India and balances copyright holder rights with innovation.

Polity Current Affairs

ECI SIR Process: 93% Inclusion Rate in WB Appeals; SC Hearing on Voter Deletions in Delhi & WB

The ECI's SIR process has led to massive disenfranchisement in West Bengal and Delhi. With only 3.2% of appeals disposed and 93% of those restored, the process is deeply flawed. The Supreme Court is hearing petitions; this has major implications for electoral integrity and universal adult franchise.

Polity Current Affairs

Varsha Ashok Aglawe Appointed as 54th GSI Director General, First Woman in 176 Years

Varsha Ashok Aglawe, a palaeontologist with over three decades of experience, has become the first woman to head the Geological Survey of India (GSI) in its 176-year history. This landmark appointment signals a gender shift in India's premier geoscientific institution and comes with strategic priorities on critical mineral exploration and mineral security—key for national resource self-sufficiency.

Polity Current Affairs

Karnataka HC Upholds 1.27 Acre Land Acquisition for DRDO's CAIR Project as National Security Imperative

Karnataka HC upheld acquisition of 1.27 acres for DRDO's CAIR project, overriding procedural lapses due to national security. This judgment harmonizes private property rights with constitutional duty to protect the nation.

Polity Current Affairs

Centre Summons Meta Global Execs Over CSAM Handling, PM Modi Post Moderation Error

The Indian government has summoned Meta's global leadership, including Chief Global Affairs Officer Joel Kaplan, to address concerns over Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) handling and wrongful moderation of verified accounts, following the brief blocking of PM Modi's Facebook post. This signals a major escalation in platform accountability, with implications for India's digital governance framework.

Polity Current Affairs

Parliamentary Panel Demands Meta Apology Over PM Video Removal, Threatens Revocation of Safe Harbour Under IT Act Section 79

The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Communications and IT, chaired by Nishikant Dubey, has demanded Meta apologize for erroneously blocking PM Modi's video, or face revocation of safe harbour under Section 79 of the IT Act. Similar action is threatened against Google India for financial frauds. This highlights the government's push to enforce intermediary accountability and the conditional nature of safe harbour immunity.

Polity Current Affairs

ISI Bill 2026 Introduced in Lok Sabha: Replaces Governing Council with 11-Member Board, Sparks Autonomy Debate

The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Bill, 2026, introduced in Lok Sabha, proposes to replace the 33-member Governing Council with an 11-member Board of Governors and change the institute's structure from a society to a body corporate. Faculty and opposition parties oppose the bill, citing loss of autonomy, while the government argues it is necessary for expansion and accountability. The bill would repeal the 1959 Act governing ISI.