SC Strength Increased to 38 Judges: Will It Reduce Pendency and Free Up Constitution Benches?

Supreme Court Expands to 38 Judges: Diversity Deficit Exposed as Women Only 4.15%

Parliament passed the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026, adding 4 judges to the apex court (strength now 38). However, the article underscores a glaring lack of diversity: women constitute only 4.15% of all SC judges ever appointed, and caste representation in High Courts remains abysmally low. For exam aspirants, this links directly to the collegium system, judicial appointments, social justice, and pendency crisis.

Advocates Act 1961 and Bar Council of India: Statutory Powers, Enrolment Process and Legal Education Standards

The BCI came under scrutiny after it briefly directed state bar councils to stop enrolling NALSAR University's 2026 batch, then withdrew the order. Since UPSC has asked about BCI before, aspirants must know its statutory origin under the Advocates Act 1961, its functions, and why enrolment is actually done by State Bar Councils.

Parliament Increases Supreme Court Judges Strength from 34 to 38 via Amendment Bill, 2026

Parliament has increased the sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court from 34 to 38 judges (including CJI) for the first time since 2019. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026, was passed by Lok Sabha on August 3, 2026, replacing an ordinance. The move aims to address the growing backlog of cases in the apex court.

SC Upholds Death by Hanging: Cites Stare Decisis, No Scientific Evidence for Lethal Injection

The Supreme Court has upheld hanging as the sole method of execution in India, dismissing a PIL that challenged its constitutional validity. The Court relied on the principle of stare decisis, citing a 1983 precedent and a lack of conclusive scientific evidence favoring lethal injection. This judgment reinforces the legal status quo on capital punishment but leaves the door open for future challenges.

UCC: Uttarakhand Enforces Since Jan 2025, 3 State Bills Await Assent, Target 21 NDA States by 2029

The UCC debate is back with Uttarakhand implementing it in Jan 2025 and three other NDA states passing bills. Home Minister Amit Shah targets all 21 NDA-ruled states by 2029. The issue directly tests constitutional principles – Directive Principles vs Fundamental Rights – and is a hot topic for UPSC prelims and mains.

SC Split Verdict on CEC/EC Appointment Act, 2023; Matter Referred to CJI for Constitution Bench

A two-judge Supreme Court bench has split on whether to refer the challenge to the CEC and ECs (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023 to a five-judge Constitution Bench. With Justice Dipankar Datta disagreeing with Justice S C Sharma, the case now goes to the CJI for constituting a larger bench. For aspirants, this is a direct link to Article 324, the Anoop Baranwal verdict, and the independence of the Election Commission.

Constitution 131st Amendment Bill: Lok Sabha Expansion to 850 Seats, Tamil Nadu Parties Divided

The Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, which sought to increase Lok Sabha seats from 543 to 850 and enable fresh delimitation before 2029, failed to secure the required two-thirds majority. Tamil Nadu's political parties remain divided, with the DMK demanding a freeze on seats based on the 1971 Census for 25 more years. This issue tests federal principles and the balance of political representation, making it critical for UPSC polity and governance preparation.

SC to Hear Plea on Distinguishing Criticism of Judiciary from Online Distortion of Judges' Remarks

The Supreme Court agreed to examine a plea seeking a legal framework to differentiate between fair criticism of the judiciary and the malicious distortion of judges' oral remarks on social media. This raises critical questions about judicial accountability, freedom of speech, and the integrity of judicial records in the digital age.