1 April 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed authorised dealer banks to discontinue offering non-deliverable derivative contracts. RBI is India's central bank and the primary regulator for foreign exchange markets under FEMA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: banks are prohibited from entering into or facilitating any non-deliverable derivative transactions linked to the rupee. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article states the regulator has barred the rebooking of any foreign exchange derivative contract that is cancelled after the issuance of these instructions. Statement 3 is correct: the RBI told banks to limit their net open exposure to $100 million by the end of each day, with compliance required by April 10.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "The RBI last week told banks to limit their net open exposure to the currency in the forex market to $100 million by the end of each day." The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article states the move is "aimed at strengthening oversight in the foreign exchange derivatives market" and is "seen as part of a broader effort to curb speculative activity and enhance transparency." The other options contradict the article's intent: the ban restricts, not promotes, speculation and is a tightening, not a liberalization, measure.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the CRPF was 'designated as the primary internal security force of the country by a Group of Ministers in 2001'. This is a key institutional fact for internal security questions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article notes this was unique; no deadlines were set for earlier insurgencies. Statement 2 is incorrect because the security umbrella was provided by the CRPF, not the ITBP. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Home Minister said it was 'more or less wiped out', not completely, as two top leaders remain at large.

Explanation

The article provides a precise figure: 'a stretch of 12,000 kilometers was completed'. This factual data point is a prime candidate for a Prelims question on developmental measures in LWE areas.

Explanation

The article states that efforts to construct roads were thwarted by Maoists because it 'would facilitate the forces to rush anywhere in the region in a short time'. This directly links infrastructure development to enhancing security force mobility and response, a core counter-insurgency tactic.

Explanation

The GST Council is the constitutional body established under Article 279A of the Constitution. It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister and includes state finance ministers, and is responsible for making recommendations on GST rates, exemptions, and related matters.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: gross collections grew 8.8% to over ₹2 lakh crore. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states gross domestic revenues (not import revenues) rose 5.9% to over ₹1.46 lakh crore, while import GST grew 17.8%. Statement 3 is correct: net GST revenues were about ₹1.78 lakh crore, up 8.2%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "Gross GST revenue for the full 2025-26 (April-March) fiscal recorded a growth of 8.3% to over ₹22.27 lakh crore." ₹19.34 lakh crore is the net revenue after refunds, making it a close distractor.

Explanation

GST is a consumption-based tax. High and growing collections primarily indicate robust economic activity (higher consumption and production) and improved tax compliance due to the formalization of the economy under the GST regime. While it may affect tax mix, that is not the primary significance.

Explanation

As stated in the article, the RBI was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Indian Currency, also known as the Hilton Young Commission, which was set up in 1926.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article mentions MuleHunter.AI is an AI tool developed by RBI to help banks deal with mule accounts, but it does not state it is 'made compulsory'. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly states the FIMA Repo Facility is where central banks can place US Treasuries with the Fed (US Federal Reserve).

Explanation

The article states that the RBI instructed banks to limit their net open exposure to the currency in the foreign exchange market to $100 million by the end of each day. The option '25% of their total capital' was the previous, higher allowance.

Explanation

The article clearly states the new rules are introduced 'To make digital transitions safer and reduce fraud'. While other options might be secondary effects, the stated primary objective is enhancing security.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Sixth Schedule was enacted under Articles 244(2) and 275(1) of the Constitution. Article 244(2) provides for the administration of tribal areas in the specified states, while Article 275(1) provides grants-in-aid for tribal welfare.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per Article 244(2). Statement 2 is correct as ADCs have powers to make laws on land, forests, social customs, and administer justice. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states elected members hold office for five years, not six.

Explanation

The article specifically states that 'over 90 per cent of Ladakh's population belongs to the Scheduled Tribes.' This demographic fact is central to the demand for constitutional safeguards under the Sixth Schedule.

Explanation

The article highlights that Ladakh shares borders with China and Pakistan, and from a security perspective, centralization allows swift decision-making on national defence. Hence, strategic and security concerns are a primary apprehension against granting greater autonomy.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Iran is threatening a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 30% of the world's shipment of oil passes. This is a critical static GK fact related to global energy security and maritime chokepoints.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'the United States and Israel launched large-scale joint military operations against Iran' titled 'Operation Epic Fury'. Statement 2 is incorrect; the conflict began on February 28, 2026 (not 2025), and the previous 12-day war was in June 2025. Statement 3 is correct as Iran hopes to provoke an oil crisis through a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The conflict that began on February 28, 2026, when the United States and Israel launched large-scale joint military operations against Iran'. June 2025 refers to the earlier '12-day war' which was a precursor.

Explanation

The article explains that Shia political culture draws heavily on the memory of the 'Battle of Karbala', which symbolises civilisational resistance, emphasising patience, sacrifice, and endurance. This historical narrative is presented as a key factor that would bolster Iranian resilience against an external war aimed at regime change.

Explanation

The Finance Commission, established under Article 280 of the Constitution, recommends the devolution of taxes and grants-in-aid, including allocations for the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF). NDMA formulates policy but does not allocate funds.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article states the IPCC defines exposure as the population in hazard zones, not total population; the FC's use of total population is criticized. Statement 3 is correct as Odisha lost 1.57 percentage points, the largest reduction.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the 16th Finance Commission allocated ₹2,04,401 crore to State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF). The other figures are plausible distractors but not mentioned.

Explanation

The core flaw identified is that the DRI uses total state population for 'Exposure', giving highly populous states like UP a high score regardless of how many people actually live in hazard zones. This demographic bias causes high-hazard but less populous states like Odisha to lose funding share.

Explanation

The National Statistical Office (NSO), under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, is responsible for compiling macroeconomic data like the IIP. The RBI handles monetary data, while Commerce Ministry handles trade data.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because IIP growth (5.2%) was higher than core sector growth (2.3%). Statement 2 is correct as capital goods grew 12.5%, a 28-month high. Statement 3 is correct as consumer non-durables contracted 0.6%, the second month in a row.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India's industrial growth held a positive surprise in February 2026, coming in at 5.2%. The other options are close distractors based on other potential growth figures.

Explanation

The article explains that spending on non-durables involves greater daily discretion and is a better gauge of consumer sentiment. Its contraction, therefore, signals low consumer sentiment, which correlates with national accounts data showing shrinking household expenditure contribution to GDP.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the report is from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, which is a constitutional body under Article 148. Its reports are tabled in the legislature.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the scheme was introduced under OPELIP in December 2020. Statement 2 is correct as the article states the assistance ranged between ₹2,000 and ₹20,000. Statement 3 is incorrect; the audit found most MPAs had NO details or information regarding child marriages.

Explanation

The article states that against a target of 1,161 girls, incentives were paid to 677 beneficiaries. (677/1161)*100 equals approximately 58%. This highlights the coverage gap identified by the audit.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The objective was to create awareness regarding prevention of early marriage.' The financial incentive was a means to encourage the practice of late marriage within the community, not a general welfare or education scheme.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the Chhattisgarh High Court delivered the order in question. Justice Naresh Kumar Chandravanshi of the Chhattisgarh High Court observed that no law restricts individuals from organizing prayers in their own houses.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the court specifically said prior permission is NOT required for religious prayers in private dwellings. Statement 2 is correct as per the article, which mentions notices under Section 94 of BNSS. Statement 3 is correct, as the article mentions a similar order by the Allahabad High Court earlier this year.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Station House Officer (SHO) served notices under Section 94 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. This section deals with the power to investigate cognizable offences.

Explanation

The court order clearly states that while no prior permission is needed, authorities are free to act if they find any violation in the form of noise pollution or if any law and order situation arises. This is the key condition for state intervention post the gathering.

Explanation

As per the article, P.H. Pandian filed an election petition in the Madras High Court challenging Athithan's victory, and the Madras High Court in 1994 declared his election as void.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Supreme Court specifically stated 'No mathematical formula can be laid on the degree of proof.' Statement 2 is incorrect: The Court held that when the petitioner adduces evidence of corrupt practice, the burden shifts to the returned candidate to rebut it. Statement 3 is correct: The article explicitly states the Apex court concluded the appellant had committed corrupt practice under Section 123(6).

Explanation

The article states that Athithan declared expenses of ₹36,350, which was 'well within the statutory limit of ₹50,000.' The other figures are related: ₹36,350 is the declared expense, and ₹25,000 and ₹75,000 are distractors.

Explanation

The Supreme Court concluded that withholding the expense of the second vehicle meant the true account would have exceeded the ₹50,000 limit, which is a corrupt practice under Section 123(6) of the RPA, 1951. This corrupt practice was the grounds for declaring the election void.

Explanation

The article states that the 2026 Amendment Act mandates that a certificate of transgender identity will be issued by a district magistrate after examining the recommendation of a designated medical board. The Chief Medical Officer heads the medical board but does not issue the final certificate.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the NALSA judgment details in the article. Statement 2 is correct as the article mentions the 2019 Act required proof of surgery for gender change. Statement 3 is incorrect because the 2026 Amendment introduces a medical board recommendation, it does not remove it; it moves away from self-identification.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Supreme Court's landmark NALSA judgment was delivered in 2014. 2018 is the year of the Navtej Singh Johar judgment decriminalizing same-sex relations.

Explanation

The article's core theme is the contrast between the judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts) consistently interpreting the law to expand transgender rights based on self-identification, and the legislative/executive approach which, through the 2019 Act and 2026 Amendment, has created certification and medical proof requirements that act as bureaucratic hurdles.

Explanation

The article mentions that an official from the Urban Development department oversees progress and aids the MMRDA. The MMRDA is the statutory body responsible for infrastructure development in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, including the metro network.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states 'Mumbai’s operational network could cross 120 km' in 2026. Statement 2 is incorrect; Line 8 is targeted for 2029, not 2027. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar line opened in 2014 as the city's first answer to the east-west connectivity problem.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Line 8 — connecting Mumbai and Navi Mumbai airports across 35 km — is targeted for 2029. With Line 8 alone estimated at Rs 22,862 crore...'. The other figures correspond to costs of other lines mentioned: ₹6,607 crore for Line 9, ₹14,549 crore for Line 4, and ₹23,487 crore for Line 11.

Explanation

The article repeatedly emphasizes that Mumbai's suburban railway runs 'almost entirely north-south', creating a gap. It states: 'Areas needing east-west connectivity had no rapid transit option... The metro was planned to fill that gap.' While reducing pollution is a benefit, the core objective is to provide east-west rapid transit.

Explanation

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the nodal ministry for India's internal security, including counter-insurgency operations against Left-Wing Extremism (LWE).

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are correct as per the article. Statement 3 is incorrect because the article explicitly states the government's strategy combines security operations with development initiatives (roads, schools, banking, DBTs).

Explanation

The article directly quotes Home Minister Amit Shah stating that the Red Corridor has dwindled to two districts. This is a critical data point for factual recall.

Explanation

The article concludes that the 'deeper challenge' not completely overcome includes uneven development, land acquisition for infrastructure projects, and environmental degradation. These are the root causes that require continuing state vigilance.

Explanation

As per the article and static GK, the Census is managed by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). This is a fundamental administrative fact for Indian Polity.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as mentioned in the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states self-enumeration is available in 16 languages, not necessarily all 22 scheduled languages. Statement 3 is incorrect; caste enumeration will be done in the second phase in February 2027, not the first phase.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "The first phase of Census 2027 will include 33 questions ranging from the sex of the head of the household..." This is a direct factual data point from the news.

Explanation

The article states the facility is designed "to offer flexibility, allowing respondents to fill out the census schedule at their own convenience." While it may have secondary effects, the stated primary objective is citizen convenience and flexibility.

Explanation

The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (ORGI) is responsible for conducting the Census and overseeing the Civil Registration System. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs, not the Health Ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article states the Indian Railways suspended services with 'no plan for the millions already in transit'. Statement 2 is correct as per the data on PSA plants. Statement 3 is correct, naming the three books: 'Till We Win', 'The Great Shutdown', and 'Faith and Fury'.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India recorded a 'disproportionate 25.9% increase' in registered deaths in 2021 from the previous year. The other figures are plausible distractors but are not mentioned in the text.

Explanation

The article repeatedly highlights the 'problem of counting' and concludes that a key finding is 'the Indian state’s capacity to not count what it does not wish to acknowledge.' While other options may be relevant, the core argument centers on data transparency and epistemic accountability.

Explanation

The article states the report is released by the U.S. Trade Representative's office. The USTR is the lead agency for U.S. trade policy, negotiations, and enforcement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's details on tariff rates. Statement 2 is incorrect; the report actually criticizes QCOs, stating BIS standards are often not fully aligned with international standards. Statement 3 is correct as explicitly mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article specifically states: "India's World Trade Organisation (WTO) bound tariff rates on agricultural products are among the 'highest' in the world, averaging 113.1%." The other options are plausible distractors given the context of high tariffs.

Explanation

The article explicitly states U.S. concerns that "BIS standards are not fully aligned with international standards," and that these QCOs can be burdensome and trade-restrictive. The report notes QCOs target raw materials and intermediate goods as well, contradicting option C.

Explanation

The article mentions 'cascading complications for NASA's partners, including the European and Japanese space agencies,' directly indicating ESA's involvement. The Artemis Accords, also mentioned, have been signed by many nations, with ESA members like Italy and the UK being signatories, reflecting ESA's role as a key partner.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Artemis II is a lunar flyby mission to test systems; it does not involve landing. Statement 2 is correct: The article states Artemis III will launch a crewed Orion to dock with landers from SpaceX and Blue Origin in orbit. Statement 3 is correct: The article confirms NASA will land American astronauts on the moon in the Artemis IV mission, planned for 2028.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'China also plans to land humans on the moon by 2030.' The other options are distractors: 2028 is the target for NASA's Artemis IV landing, 2029 is the timeframe for the maiden flight of China's Lanyue lander, and 2030s is the period for its International Lunar Research Station plans.

Explanation

The article states the space race 'wouldn't be what it is if it weren't for a particular limited resource: water on the moon.' It explains that permanently shadowed craters at the south pole likely contain water ice, and whichever country establishes infrastructure there first could 'corner these deposits' and shape subsequent rules.

Explanation

Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which established NATO, enshrines the principle of collective defense, stating that an armed attack against one member shall be considered an attack against them all. The article discusses strains within this alliance.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; Poland refused the request, with its Defence Minister stating the systems are for protecting Polish skies and NATO's eastern flank. Statement 3 is correct as Kaja Kallas's quote is directly mentioned.

Explanation

The article states: 'US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth has now outlined a new war timeline of six to eight weeks'. Trump's indication of 2-3 weeks is a separate, conflicting statement.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Many are also concerned about the economic fallout and the potential for a new wave of refugees if Iran were to collapse.' While energy prices are a major concern, the refugee issue is highlighted as a specific geopolitical risk.

Explanation

MGNREGA is a flagship rural development scheme aimed at enhancing livelihood security. The Ministry of Rural Development is the nodal ministry for its implementation, and this would extend to its proposed replacement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article (5.32 crore households in FY 2025-26). Statement 2 is incorrect; the VB-G RAM G Act proposes a differential pattern: 90:10 for 11 states and 60:40 for others. Statement 3 is correct as the article states MGNREGS was extended to the entire country from FY 2008-09.

Explanation

The article explicitly states there was an 8 per cent decline, from 5.78 crore households in 2024-25 to 5.32 crore in 2025-26. The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article states that the Opposition has criticised provisions including 'a pause in employment guarantee during the peak agricultural season (Section 6)'. The other options describe changes not mentioned in the provided article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the report was released by 'the global digital rights advocacy group, Access Now.' The other organizations, while also involved in human rights advocacy, are not mentioned in this context.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article states India's 65 shutdowns in 2025 were 'the lowest number recorded in the country since 2017.' Statement 2 is correct as the report says 'Myanmar overtook India as the world's leading perpetrator... with 95 incidents.' Statement 3 is correct as the report notes 'the Asia Pacific region accounted for the majority of these disruptions, with 195 shutdowns.'

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'Out of the 2,102 internet shutdowns recorded by Access Now worldwide since 2016, 920 have occurred in India.' Option A (920) is the number for India only, making it a close distractor.

Explanation

The article specifies that Jammu and Kashmir invoked 'Section 163 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita – a provision used by magistrates to issue prohibitory orders to maintain public tranquillity – to impose a 'two-month ban on unauthorized VPN use.'' The other acts, while relevant to security and data, are not mentioned in this specific context within the article.

Explanation

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution vests the superintendence, direction, and control of elections in the Election Commission of India. This is the foundational provision for the ECI's authority, as referenced in the news context of transferring officers.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the court specifically held there is no obligation on ECI to give reasons for such transfers. Statement 2 is correct as the petitioner was Advocate Arka Kumar Nag. Statement 3 is correct as per the court's observation that short-term transfers do not create a paralyzed administrative situation.

Explanation

The first PIL challenged transfers of 46 IAS and IPS officers. The second PIL challenged transfers of 267 police station and block development officers. Therefore, the total is 46 + 267 = 313 officers, as covered by the combined petitions.

Explanation

The court's order stated that transfer orders must be understood in the context of conducting free and fair elections. This aligns with the ECI's constitutional mandate under Article 324, making electoral integrity the core justification, not administrative continuity or political implementation.

Explanation

The article states that the decision was taken by the public sector oil marketing companies (OMCs) of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), in consultation with the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The hike for domestic scheduled airlines was capped at 25% (₹15/litre), not 115%. The 115% hike was the full market price. Statement 2 is correct: An export duty of Rs 29.5 per litre was imposed. Statement 3 is correct: ATF pricing is linked to the MOPAG benchmark.

Explanation

The article specifically states: 'For airlines on international run, the price of ATF in Delhi jumped 107% to $1,690.81 per kilolitre.' The 115% figure is the month-on-month jump to the full price, not specifically for international flights. The 25% is for domestic flights.

Explanation

The article quotes the MoPNG stating the move is 'to insulate the domestic travel costs' and the Civil Aviation Minister saying it will 'shield passengers from sharp fare increases'. The core objective is to protect domestic air travel demand and sector stability, not revenue generation or promoting alternative fuels.

Explanation

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India is the statutory body mandated to determine the policy repo rate. The article mentions the MPC is expected to maintain an extended pause on policy rates through the fiscal year.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per India Ratings' Chief Economist. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states GDP growth is moderating to 6.5-7%, not contracting below 5%, and the rate pause is due to fiscal policy absorbing the inflation shock and the need to support growth. Statement 3 is correctly cited from the article regarding remittance exposure.

Explanation

HDFC Bank's Treasury Research Desk revised its FY27 inflation forecast to 4.5-5% under its new baseline scenario, up from an earlier forecast of 4.2%. Option B (4.1%) is India Ratings' revised average forecast, not HDFC Bank's.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that fiscal policy is doing 'much of the heavy-lifting' by shielding the economy, with recent excise duty cuts being a prime example. This intervention eases pressure on the RBI to act immediately via monetary policy.

Explanation

The Noida International Airport is being developed in Jewar, which is located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. This is a key static geography fact for exams.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article states politics is 'less about ideological commitment and more about mediating differentiated experiences of change'. Statement 2 is correct, as the article explains the 'farmer' category has fragmented internally. Statement 3 is incorrect, as caste is 'being reconfigured' and 'no longer functions as a stable predictor' due to mediation by economic opportunity.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the political questions crystallized by the airport will shape Western UP 'in the run-up to the 2027 elections' and later states 'As 2027 approaches, the region stands at a critical juncture.'

Explanation

The article directly states: 'Politics thus shifts from a binary of pro- or anti-development to a negotiation over its terms and distribution.' This is the core implication of the 'double movement' where market expansion coexists with societal counter-pressures.

Explanation

The MMDR Act, 1957 is the central legislation governing mining. Section 15 empowers state governments to make rules for preventing illegal mining, transportation, and storage of minerals. The article mentions offences under this Act and the Madhya Pradesh Mineral Rules, 2022 made under it.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states the applicant moved the High Court under Section 528 of BNSS, 2023. Statement 2 is incorrect: Offences were registered under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and the MMDR Act, 1957, not the IPC. Statement 3 is correct: The state argued that proceedings were initiated under Section 19 of the MP Mineral Rules, 2022, which provides for compounding offences.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The vehicle was intercepted on January 21 at around 4.30pm'. January 20 is the start date of the transport permit, January 29 is the date of the JMFC order, and March 18 is the date of the High Court judgment.

Explanation

The court's analysis highlighted that the permit expired at 2 am on January 21, but the vehicle was intercepted nearly 14 hours later at 4:30 pm. Crucially, no material was shown to prove the applicant informed the competent authority about the alleged breakdown. This gap justified denying custody. While overloaded vehicles were mentioned as a general menace, it was not the specific reason in this case.

Explanation

The article states that the Ministry of Finance release mentioned that 'the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) today introduced a special one-time relief measure'. CBIC is the nodal body for customs and indirect tax policies.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The window is for one year (April 1, 2026 to March 31, 2027). Statement 2 is incorrect: The unit must have begun production on or before March 31, 2025. Statement 3 is correct as per the article's condition: 'The goods manufactured... should have undergone value addition of minimum 20% over the inputs.'

Explanation

The article explicitly states the condition: 'DTA sales at concessional rates... shall not be more than 30% of the highest annual Free On Board (FOB) value of exports in any of three immediately preceding financial years.' All other options are incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article quotes a Finance Ministry official stating, 'The relief is primarily driven by immediate external challenges rather than a long-term policy shift' and mentions the backdrop of 'global trade uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, and weakening export demand'. The other options are not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow channel linking the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is bordered to the north by Iran and to the south by the Musandam Peninsula of Oman.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The analysis states the U.S. was unprepared and did not anticipate the prolonged conflict or Iran's ability to close the Strait. Statement 2 is correct, as Nasr links Iran's actions to its post-revolutionary identity of fighting imperialism. Statement 3 is incorrect; the analysis predicts a fragmentation and reassessment, not a strengthening, of the U.S.-led security umbrella.

Explanation

The article explicitly states, "according to the New York Times, 13 U.S. military bases have become basically uninhabitable." This highlights the severe operational impact of Iran's asymmetric attacks on U.S. assets in the Gulf region.

Explanation

The core of the reassessment, as per the analysis, is the loss of trust in the U.S. security guarantee. Gulf states were directly attacked, their economies damaged, and the U.S. failed to defend them, proving the existing security architecture is flawed. While the U.S. asking for payment is mentioned, it is not the primary driver for the strategic reassessment.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India is the BRICS chair for 2026 and is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi in September 2026.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the ban is on 'gasoline' exports, not 'diesel'. This is a classic examiner trap swapping fuel types. Statement 3 is correct as mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article clearly states that Russia's decision to ban the export of gasoline is 'with effect from April 1, 2026'. The other dates are plausible distractors related to other events in the news cycle.

Explanation

The Russian Deputy Foreign Minister stated that building consensus is difficult when members are 'on different sides of the frontline,' explicitly citing the growing wedge between Iran and its Arab neighbours due to the West Asia conflict.

Explanation

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution establishes the Election Commission of India, vesting it with the superintendence, direction, and control of elections. This is a fundamental static GK fact for polity.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article mentions 19 Administrative Tribunals, not 29. Statement 3 is correct as the tribunals are headed by former Chief Justices/senior judges. Hence, option B is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Calcutta High Court Chief Justice informed the Supreme Court that judicial officers are expected to complete the adjudication exercise by April 7. This is a direct factual data point from the news.

Explanation

The article mentions that the court rejected the state's objections to the 'training' being provided by the ECI to the presiding officers. The Court, noting the officers' vast experience, clarified that such orientation would not lead to ECI interference, directly addressing this concern.

Explanation

The Ishapore Metal and Steel Factory is an Ordnance Factory, which comes under the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Ordnance Factories are government-owned units producing defence hardware for the Indian Armed Forces.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the judgment explicitly cites violation of Articles 14 and 16. Statement 2 is incorrect because the petitioners were appointed prior to the 2005 recruitment rules, under the 1979 rules. Statement 3 is correct as the court ordered the grant of the revised pay scale effective from January 2006.

Explanation

The article states the revised pay scale was pay band Rs 9,300 to Rs 34,800 with grade pay of Rs 4,200. Option A is the old pay scale. Options C and D are close distractors with incorrect grade pay figures.

Explanation

The court's ruling reinforces the principle of 'equal pay for equal work' under Articles 14 and 16. It held that denying pay revision to existing employees based on qualifications introduced after their appointment, while they perform the same work as newer recruits, constitutes unconstitutional discrimination.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the updated guidelines are from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). RBI is India's central bank and the primary regulator for banking and payment systems.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article mentions that banks may allow quick transactions from trusted devices as an exception. Statement 2 is correct as the article says institutions must compensate users for fraud due to system failure. Statement 3 is correct as UPI ATM withdrawals are now counted as regular ATM transactions.

Explanation

The article clearly states that users will be charged ₹23 plus taxes for each UPI ATM transaction after exhausting the free monthly limit. This is a specific data point examiners can test.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the updated guidelines are 'designed to reduce bank fraud and improve accountability'. While it may affect speed (negatively) and involves fees, the primary stated objective is enhancing security and accountability.

Explanation

All five Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB) function under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), which is responsible for internal security, police, and border management.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Bill aims to create a unified legal framework, not separate rules. Statement 3 is a trap; the Opposition demanded a 'Select Committee', not a 'Standing Committee'. Hence, only statement 1 is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Bill 'replaces the current system of separate service rules for five Central Armed Police Forces.' These are BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, and SSB.

Explanation

The article quotes Congress MP Fauzia Khan accusing the government of 'using Parliament to override a Supreme Court verdict,' referring to the 2025 verdict on IPS deputation. Other options, like financial burden or Assam Rifles, are not mentioned as primary criticisms in the provided text.

Explanation

The article states that Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal replied to the debate on the Bill in the Lok Sabha. This is a factual recall from the news content.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's first paragraph. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Bill replaces criminal penalties with graded civil penalties for specific offences, not 'all offences'. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Bill was passed by a voice vote.

Explanation

The article explicitly states in its opening line: '...the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill 2026, which amends 80 Central Acts...'. This is a direct data point from the source.

Explanation

The article quotes Opposition members stating that converting criminal liability to a penalty makes it 'easy' for corporations to get away with a fine and that it would 'take away the work of the courts and hand it over to the bureaucracy'. This matches option B.

Explanation

Article 324 of the Constitution establishes the Election Commission of India and vests in it the superintendence, direction, and control of elections. The NLU experts' suggestions to limit the EC's powers relate directly to its mandate under this article.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the suggestion for a constructive no-confidence vote citing examples like Germany. Statement 2 is incorrect; the experts suggested LIMITING the EC's power by defining circumstances and a timeline, not making it unlimited. Statement 3 is correct as per the article's mention of a collegium for appointments.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Vice-Chancellors and representatives of eight NLUs (Jodhpur, Kochi, Patna, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, and Lucknow) met the House panel.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the NLU experts flagging that giving the EC broad power to defer Assembly elections 'goes beyond the powers given to the EC under the Constitution and affects federal structure.' This is the core constitutional concern highlighted.

Explanation

As per the article, the notification for Census 2027 was issued by the Office of Registrar General of India (RGI) under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Census is a Union subject related to internal governance.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as mentioned in the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the reference date for snow-bound areas like Ladakh is October 1, 2026. Statement 3 is incorrect as the Census is listed at serial number 69 in the Union List, not the Concurrent List.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "the reference date for the Census is set for March 1, 2027, for most parts of the country." October 1, 2026, is the reference date for snow-bound areas only.

Explanation

The Prime Minister's statement quoted in the article says: "This census is the first time data collection is being done through digital means." This marks a significant methodological shift, enabling self-enumeration. The other options are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that in August 2025, the Maharashtra State Roads Development Corporation (MSRDC) was asked to study and redesign alternative alignments for the expressway. An MSRDC official also commented on the land acquisition process.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the length increased from 802.592 km to 856.765 km (an increase of ~54 km). Statement 2 is incorrect; the cost was revised upwards to ₹1 lakh crore from ~₹80,000 crore. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the new alignment introduces 40 km in Satara in the two named villages.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that with the revised alignment, land acquisition of 8,760 hectares will be required. The other options are close distractors based on common numerical confusion.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the previous alignment faced resistance from farmers along the route, specifically because the expressway went through fertile land yielding high-value cash crops like sugarcane. This made it a major electoral issue, leading to the cancellation of the initial land acquisition notification.