30 March 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The National Green Hydrogen Mission is spearheaded by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). While the Department of Fertilizers under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers is a key consumer sector, the mission's coordination and overall implementation are led by MNRE.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'Over 80 per cent of domestic urea is produced using imported natural gas.' Statement 2 is correct: 'Urea accounts for... nearly 80 per cent of all nitrogenous fertilisers.' Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states green urea is projected to be 20% cheaper by 2030, not only after 2050.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The urea subsidy has ballooned from less than Rs 500 crore in 1980-81 to Rs 1.65 lakh crore in 2022–23.' ₹20,000 crore is the budget for CCUS, and ₹1 trillion is the estimated cumulative benefit over 25 years.

Explanation

The article argues that the National Green Hydrogen Mission should shift focus 'towards green urea' and the CCUS programme should 'prioritise the supply of CO2 to urea plants.' The core objective is to use these existing programmes to decarbonise and secure the domestic urea sector.

Explanation

The CMS, signed in 1979, is a legally binding global treaty established under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Its secretariat is administered by UNEP, which supports its implementation and the work of the Conference of the Parties.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as MC14 was held in Yaounde, Cameroon, chaired by Luc Magloire Mbarga Atangana, the Trade Minister. Statement 2 is incorrect; the SC ruling specifically pertained to conversion to Christianity, not Sikhism. The 1950 Order includes Sikhs. Statement 3 is correct as per the data on SPR capacity and coverage provided in the article.

Explanation

India has promised to ensure that at least 60 per cent of its total electricity generation capacity would comprise non-fossil fuel sources by 2035. This is an upgrade from the existing 2030 target of 50%, which has already been achieved.

Explanation

The ruling reinforces that the legal identity as a Scheduled Caste is tied to professing Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism as per the 1950 Order. Therefore, conversion to Christianity ends the social membership to the community and, consequently, the associated legal protections and benefits.

Explanation

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution responsible for monetary policy and regulating the banking system. As per the article, it is the RBI that issued the directive to limit banks' forex exposure.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly states the RBI capped exposure at $100 million. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article mentions the measure is 'only expected to provide temporary relief'. Statement 3 is correct as banks must comply by April 10. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states the Indian rupee recently hit historic lows of 94.81 against the dollar. The other options are distractors: 93.59 was the rate after the RBI announcement, and 95 is mentioned as a level it is precariously close to.

Explanation

The article clearly states banks are worried that rapid unwinding of positions to meet the new cap could force them to sell dollars at unfavorable exchange rates, incurring mark-to-market losses. This is a direct financial implication highlighted in the 'Why banks are worried' section.

Explanation

The IBBI is the statutory body established under the IBC to oversee and regulate insolvency professionals, insolvency professional agencies, and information utilities. NCLT is the adjudicating authority, while RBI and SEBI are financial sector regulators.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the recovery was ₹4.11 lakh crore, not exceeding ₹5 lakh crore. Statement 3 is correct; the realisation is 171.54% of the liquidation value. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that as of December 2025, the IBC has enabled creditors to recover ₹4.11 lakh crore. ₹14.62 lakh crore is the value of defaults addressed in pre-IBC settlements, making it a key distractor.

Explanation

The article states that the Bill passed by Lok Sabha provides for strict timelines, an out-of-court settlement option, and enables the framework for cross-border insolvency processes. The other options are not mentioned or inferred from the content.

Explanation

The article states that Cameroon's Minister of Trade, Luc Magloire Mbarga Atangana, was the Chair of MC14. The conference was held in Yaounde, Cameroon.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is also correct; the expiry opens the door to imposing tariffs. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article clearly states the lapse of the e-commerce moratorium led to the expiry of the TRIPS safeguard, not its extension.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions that for India, the potential tariff revenue loss could exceed $500 million each year.

Explanation

The article states that developing countries argued a permanent extension would 'lock in revenue losses and limit policy space in a rapidly growing digital economy.' This is the core policy concern highlighted.

Explanation

The article mentions the Registrar General and Census Commissioner addressed the press conference regarding Census 2027. The Census is a Union subject under the Ministry of Home Affairs, which oversees the Office of the Registrar General of India (RGI).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: self-enumeration started on April 1, 2026. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article clearly states caste enumeration will be in the second phase (Population Enumeration), not the first. Statement 3 is correct; the reference date for snow-bound areas is October 1, 2026. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "The first phase is scheduled to be completed within a 30-day window between April and September 2026." The other options are distractors not mentioned in the provided content.

Explanation

While the article does not explicitly state the 'primary significance', the collection of caste data in a decennial census is a foundational step for creating an empirical database. This data is crucial for informed policymaking regarding reservations, welfare schemes, and understanding socio-economic disparities among various caste groups, which is the core implication.

Explanation

The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) is responsible for conducting the Census and the Civil Registration System (CRS). It is an attached office under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article states self-enumeration will only be available for those who reside in the country, excluding NRIs. Statement 3 is incorrect as the article clearly mentions the caste enumeration methodology has not been finalised yet.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that about 31 lakh enumerators and supervisors, and more than one lakh Census functionaries will participate in the process for the first phase of Census 2027. This is a key factual data point.

Explanation

The article details that the self-enumeration portal will generate a 16-digit ID, which is to be handed over to the visiting enumerator for verification. It also states no documents are required (contradicting option A), is available in 16 languages (contradicting option C), and does not replace the enumerator's visit (contradicting option D).

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Commerce Ministry provided the update and that the delegation was led by Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal. Trade negotiations, including at the WTO, primarily fall under the purview of the Commerce Ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. India demanded a 'permanent carve-out for small-scale and artisanal fishers', not a blanket exemption for the entire sector. Statement 2 is correct as India proposed 'subsidy disciplines based on per capita intensity'. Statement 3 is correct as per the article's data.

Explanation

The article clearly states that India has called for a '25-year transition period for developing countries'. The other options are plausible distractors for similar international negotiations.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that India's fisheries sector supports over 9 million fisher families practicing sustainable methods. The transition period and carve-out are demanded to ensure these vulnerable communities are not disproportionately impacted by new rules, aligning with the principle of Special and Differential Treatment.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is the nodal agency for conducting India's foreign policy and managing diplomatic relations with all foreign countries, including Nepal. While other ministries have cross-border engagements, overall diplomacy is the MEA's mandate.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states Shah is Nepal's first Madhesi leader. Statement 2 is correct as it mentions 14% of the population (~3.5 million) work abroad, making the country dependent on remittances. Statement 3 is correct as it notes differences delayed New Delhi's invitation to PM Oli in 2024, who eventually visited Beijing first.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that approximately 14% of Nepal's population (about 3.5 million) now works abroad, and the country is dependent on remittances. The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the text.

Explanation

The editorial argues that India must move quickly to invite PM Shah to Delhi to prevent a repeat of 2024, when PM Oli visited Beijing first after a delayed Indian invitation. It emphasizes putting 'Neighbours first' to avoid a drift in the relationship. The other options involve issues not discussed in the article.

Explanation

The article states that after the Dantewada incident, the CRPF was made the 'patch force' which could operate across states and beyond police jurisdictions. The CRPF is India's primary force for internal security and counter-insurgency.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly mentions 2006-2009 as the most difficult years. Statement 2 is incorrect; the deadline set by Home Minister Amit Shah is March 31, 2026, not 2025. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions training of 3000-4000 tribal youths under NSA Ajit Doval's push.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the former official stating, "Both of us played a direct role in facilitating the training of 3000-4000 special forces personnel." The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the text.

Explanation

The article states that after the 2010 incident, former Home Minister P. Chidambaram pushed through centrally assisted funding for counter-Maoist operations. This funding was used to empower district collectors, fortify police stations, and improve mobility, representing a development-oriented security strategy.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on March 25, 2026. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of India's Parliament.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article says 'all Special Director General (SDG) and Director General posts shall be filled by deputation from the Indian Police Service.' Statement 2 is correct as it lists the five CAPFs including CRPF and BSF. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Bill responds to a Supreme Court directive to reduce deputation posts, not increase them.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'a minimum of 67% of Additional Director General posts (ADG)... shall be filled by deputation from the Indian Police Service.' The other options are plausible distractors but are not the mandated figure.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that IPS officers, with their selection process, training, and experience, provide a 'broader vision' and are essential for 'smooth relations with the State forces.' It specifically references Sardar Patel's vision of IPS as a 'unifying link between the Union and the States.' The other options are not mentioned as primary rationales.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'The National Green Hydrogen Mission offers a pathway to decarbonise industries reliant on imported oil and gas.' This mission falls under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'India imports about 85% of its crude oil and over 50% of its gas.' Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states domestic output meets 'barely 44% of demand,' not 60%. Statement 3 is correct: 'India imports nearly 65-70% of its pharmaceutical intermediates from China.'

Explanation

The article clearly mentions: 'India’s progress towards the target of 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030 is noteworthy.' The other options are plausible distractors but are not the official target mentioned in the text.

Explanation

The article directly explains the multi-faceted impact: 'Price spikes transmit quickly across sectors, raising input costs across manufacturing; increasing logistics expenses; and even pushing up consumer prices via diesel and fertilizer linkages... and could even lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth by 0.2-0.3 percentage points.' The other options, while possible secondary effects, are not the primary risk explicitly detailed.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that in India, Jungle Cats are protected under Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Schedules I and II offer higher protection to more endangered species, while III and IV offer lower levels.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article states the IUCN Red List status is 'Least Concern', not 'Endangered'. Statement 2 is incorrect because the study finds Jungle Cats avoid dense forests and prefer agro-pastoral/open habitats. Statement 3 is correct as per the study's findings detailed in the article.

Explanation

The article provides the specific estimate from the study: "a countrywide population of over 3 lakh jungle cats, with at least 1.57 lakh and at most 4.59 lakh individuals." The other options are plausible distractors but not the figures mentioned.

Explanation

The core finding of the study is that Jungle Cats thrive in agricultural landscapes outside Protected Areas (PAs). This underscores a key policy gap: biodiversity conservation must extend beyond PAs to include human-modified landscapes, which requires specific land-use policies and mitigation measures.

Explanation

The article discusses a meeting of foreign ministers of the Group of Seven (G7). BRICS, G20, and Quad are other significant international forums but were not the subject of this specific meeting.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the meeting was held outside Paris, not Berlin. Statement 3 is incorrect; India attended as a special invitee, not as a full G7 member.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar attended the Paris meeting as a special invitee, alongside counterparts from Brazil, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Ukraine.

Explanation

The article states that 'India's presence at the Paris meeting was a demonstration of the country's growing global salience — and a reminder of the greater responsibilities that come with it.' It does not mention NATO membership, a policy shift, or financial aid as the primary focus.

Explanation

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is the nodal agency established under the Food Corporations Act 1964 for procuring, storing, and distributing foodgrains to maintain the central pool buffer stocks, as mentioned in the context of wheat and rice stocks.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Wheat stocks (23.6 mt) are higher than the previous two years (13.4 mt and 9.7 mt). Statement 2 is correct: The article explicitly states the war has disrupted imports from GCC countries. Statement 3 is incorrect: The article quotes an executive saying existing stocks "can barely meet the requirement for the first half of the Kharif season."

Explanation

The article states: "Milled rice stocks were even higher at 36.5 mt." The figure 23.6 mt is for wheat, and 13.4 mt is the wheat stock from a previous year.

Explanation

The article concludes there are no immediate food supply pressures but dedicates significant analysis to the "Looming threat" from disrupted fertiliser and pesticide imports, which could impact production in the upcoming Kharif season, posing a medium-term inflation risk.

Explanation

The article mentions that a state like Karnataka cannot unilaterally regulate global platforms as 'IT falls under the Centre’s jurisdiction.' This is because 'Information Technology' is in the Union List (List I) of the Seventh Schedule, giving the Parliament exclusive power to make laws on it.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states the Los Angeles court awarded $6 million. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article argues the verdict 'demolishes' bans, it does not uphold them. Statement 3 is correct: The article explicitly says the jury found harm stems from the platforms' business model of 'persuasive design' to maximize engagement.

Explanation

The article provides the specific data point: 'India’s 460 million-plus social media users, one-third under 18'. The other options are close distractors with incorrect figures.

Explanation

The article's central critique is that bans are 'performative' and shift responsibility onto families while 'leaving the root cause untouched.' The root cause identified is the platforms' addictive-by-design business model. The other options, like cost or free speech, are not the primary arguments made in the provided text.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) Secretary, S Krishnan, provided the details of the approvals. MeitY is the nodal ministry for electronics manufacturing policy in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is also correct as it mentions 14,246 jobs and ₹84,515 crore production. Statement 3 is incorrect; the total approved applications have reached 75, not 100. This is a classic UPSC trap where a close but wrong number is used.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the 29 approved applications entail a cumulative investment of ₹7,104 crore. The other options are plausible distractors but are not the figures mentioned in the report.

Explanation

Schemes like the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme are strategic industrial policy tools aimed at building domestic capacity (Atmanirbhar Bharat), creating jobs, and reducing reliance on imported components to strengthen the supply chain. The other options are not the primary policy objectives.

Explanation

The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is a road construction force under the Ministry of Defence, established for strategic road infrastructure in border and challenging areas, as mentioned in the article where it works on security-sensitive projects.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states the idea was to provide sustained logistics support to security forces and block a Maoist route, not primarily for eco-tourism (which is mentioned as a future possibility elsewhere). Statement 3 is correct as per the quote from the Inspector General of Police.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the BRO has completed 75 km of road work on challenging terrain over the last 15 months. The 130 km figure is the total length of the planned network.

Explanation

The article defines a Bailey bridge as a portable truss bridge that can be quickly assembled and moved, and states these bridges played a vital role in logistics for security forces during the monsoon season, ensuring all-weather connectivity.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions Israel's Iron Dome being overwhelmed or bypassed by coordinated barrages from Iran. This is used as a lesson for India's own defence planning.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article discusses integrating legacy systems like L/70 guns with new anti-drone systems. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article advocates for acquiring swarm drones in large numbers for offense. Statement 3 is correct, as multiple officers stress the need for passive measures like dispersion and camouflage.

Explanation

The article specifically states that during the hostilities following 'Operation Sindoor' in May last year, Pakistan sent swarms of inexpensive drones. The other options are names of different Indian military operations.

Explanation

The article contrasts India's past focus on borders/terror camps with the lesson from West Asia, where attacks on energy resources and infrastructure caused significant damage. It states that 'selection of strategic targets will be a key factor in future conflicts'.

Explanation

The PM-KUSUM scheme falls under the domain of renewable energy promotion in agriculture, which is the mandate of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). While other ministries may be consulted, MNRE is the nodal ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the scheme was launched in 2019. Statement 2 is correct; Component C is for solarising grid-connected pumps. Statement 3 is incorrect because the installed capacity as of February 2026 was 12,164 MW, which is less than the 34.8 GW (34,800 MW) target.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the three components of PM-KUSUM together target the addition of 34.8 GW of solar capacity. 12.164 GW is the installed capacity as of February 2026, not the target.

Explanation

The article clearly states that agricultural demand is steady through the day while solar generation peaks at noon. This misalignment creates grid management challenges. The proposed battery storage is intended to store surplus solar power from peak generation hours and supply it when demand is high but generation is low.

Explanation

The article states the satyagraha was prompted by the Bole Resolution passed by the Bombay Legislative Council in 1923. This council was the legislature for the Bombay Presidency during British rule.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Dasgaon Satyagraha was led by Ramchandra Babaji More, not Ambedkar, and the Manusmriti burning happened later in Mahad. Statements 2 and 3 are correct as per the article, which mentions the Bole Resolution as the catalyst, 300 participants, and that Dasgaon preceded Mahad.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Babaji was 23 years old at the time of the Dasgaon satyagraha in 1926. This highlights the youth leadership in early anti-caste movements.

Explanation

The article explains that the success of the local Dasgaon protest 'steeled Babaji’s resolve' and that he became the chief organiser of the Mahad Satyagraha. This establishes Dasgaon as a crucial preparatory event, building local capacity for the more expansive protest the following year.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that a tripartite MoU between India, Sri Lanka, and the UAE was signed in April 2025 to develop Trincomalee as an energy hub. This is a key factual point regarding international cooperation on energy infrastructure.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article specifies a weekly allowance of 20 litres for three-wheelers. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article says Colombo is 'negotiating with suppliers like Russia', not that a deal has been successfully concluded. Statement 3 is correct: The government implemented a four-day week for its servants and 'advised the private sector to emulate this measure'. Hence, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The article provides a specific data point: New Delhi extended emergency fuel aid of 38,000 metric tonnes to Sri Lanka. Memorizing such exact figures of international assistance is crucial for Prelims.

Explanation

The article lists long-term structural measures, with the first being: 'fuel storage facilities have to be increased' and specifically mentions taking forward 'the Trincomalee fuel storage tanks project'. This addresses the core vulnerability of inadequate reserves. The other options are either short-term, not mentioned, or unrealistic extrapolations.

Explanation

The article states that according to the Indian Minerals Yearbook 2022, the largest resources of gold ore are located in Bihar (43%). Karnataka leads in actual metal content, but Bihar has the highest share of ore resources.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: Gold is described as one of the least reactive chemical elements and is resistant to corrosion. Statement 2 is correct: The article mentions gold occurs in free elemental form. Statement 3 is correct: It is stated that gold dissolves in an alkaline solution of cyanide, used in mining.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "Gold prices on both the domestic and global markets are down around 27% from their January peak." This is a key data point explaining the core news event.

Explanation

The article explains that "the key aspect holding back safe-haven demand for gold this time is the sky-high prices of crude oil." High crude prices cause inflation fears, which delay central bank rate cuts, making non-yielding gold less attractive compared to interest-bearing assets.

Explanation

The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which conducts the Census, operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs. This is a key static fact for Polity and Governance sections.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Population Enumeration in snow-bound areas of J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand will be conducted in September 2026, not February 2027. Statement 3 is correct as the article states self-enumeration is for 'Normal households' only.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the self-enumeration portal will remain open for 15 days just before the start of the 30-day house listing operations. This is a precise data point examiners can target.

Explanation

The core implication, as derived from the article, is about data accuracy. The census is a data collection exercise. Including stable live-in unions in the 'married' category ensures demographic statistics reflect actual living arrangements, which is crucial for effective social policy and welfare scheme design.

Explanation

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty. The judiciary has interpreted this right expansively to include the right to live with dignity and protection from harm. Police inaction in tracing missing persons, which could lead to loss of life or liberty, is a direct concern under this article.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the court explicitly criticized police 'inertia' and 'resistance'. Statement 2 is incorrect; the court said police cannot declare a person untraceable unless they have evidence the person is dead or has left the country, not just the district. Statement 3 is correct as the court directed the state to frame an SOP for such cases.

Explanation

The article states that the data provided by the Police Technical Services Headquarters showed that 1,08,300 missing person complaints were registered in the given period. The other options are distractors close to the correct figure.

Explanation

The court's order states, 'nobody lower than the superintendent of police of the district is answerable for any offence, wrong, and breach of peace in the entire district.' This underscores the SP's statutory responsibility as the district police chief under the Police Act, 1861.

Explanation

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, as the primary legislation governing criminal procedure in India. It came into effect on July 1, 2024.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the court ruled evasion of notice is a valid ground for arrest. Statement 2 is incorrect because Section 35(3) of BNSS and the judgment specifically concern offences punishable with imprisonment up to seven years, not exceeding seven years. Statement 3 is correct as the article states the case involved cheating allegations and collection of approximately ₹39 lakh.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the accused dodged service of the notice for over 40 days, and the police made attempts for 40 days before tracing him to Cuddalore. The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The core ruling is that the procedural safeguard of prior notice under Section 35(3) BNSS is not an absolute right. It is contingent on the accused not evading service. Deliberate non-cooperation, like changing locations to avoid notice, can itself become a valid ground for arrest, preventing the misuse of the provision.

Explanation

Labour and Employment is a standalone ministry in the Union Government. The Telangana Bill was presented by the state's Labour and Employment Minister, G. Vivek Venkataswamy, indicating the subject's alignment with this portfolio.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Bill mandates a contribution of 1 to 2% of the transaction value, not a fixed 2% of profit. Statement 2 is correct as per the article which mentions the Board will have representation of women and persons with disabilities. Statement 3 is correct as the article states the law introduces a grievance redressal system creating platform-level committees.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'aggregators — including delivery, ride-hailing and service apps — must contribute 1 to 2% of their transaction value to a State-managed welfare fund.' The other options are incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article directly states that the grievance redressal system is introduced 'to protect workers from sudden termination or payment stoppages.' While other options might be related to worker welfare, the article specifically identifies this as the purpose of the grievance mechanism.

Explanation

The article states that the Finance Accounts for 2024-25 were 'audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India'. The CAG is the supreme audit institution of India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution, responsible for auditing government receipts and expenditure.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The state maintained the minimum balance without support for only 2 days, not 65 days (65 days was the duration for which it used SDF). Statement 2 is correct as the article states 'the State exceeded both [SDF and WMA limits] during the fiscal'. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions 'market borrowings to the tune of ₹64,000 crore'.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The Ways and Means Advances helped the government sustain the balance for almost half the year, 175 days'. 65 days refers to SDF usage, and 123 days refers to Overdraft usage.

Explanation

Overdraft is availed after exhausting the SDF and WMA limits. It is the costliest form of RBI accommodation and indicates that the government's cash balance has fallen below zero, representing acute fiscal stress and poor treasury management. It is not used for project financing or as a substitute for market borrowings.

Explanation

The IBC, 2016, established the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) as the regulator for insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings in India. The RBI regulates monetary policy, SEBI regulates securities markets, and NCLT adjudicates cases.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the Bill establishes a CIIRP. Statement 2 is correct as it states the Bill removes the liquidator's powers to admit/reject claims and determine value. Statement 3 is correct as the Bill grants the CoC power to appoint/remove and supervise the liquidator. All three facts are directly from the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Anurag Thakur added that NPAs 'are now as low as 2.3 per cent'. This is a direct data point from the news content.

Explanation

The article quotes Congress MP Rahul Kaswan saying 'a minimum level of protection for MSMEs was required in the Bill.' Other options are not supported by the article: the Bill empowers the CoC, does not abolish it, and aims to reduce delays, not increase time limits. Empowerment of NCLT is not mentioned as a criticism.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the Supreme Court reiterating concerns about the misuse of IPC Section 498A, which specifically deals with 'Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty'. Section 304B deals with dowry death, Section 375 deals with rape, and Section 420 deals with cheating.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the SC quashed the FIR due to a 6-year delay and evidentiary gaps. Statement 2 is correct as the bench is explicitly named. Statement 3 is incorrect; the maxim invoked was 'vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt' (law protects the vigilant), not 'actus reus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea' (an act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty).

Explanation

The article clearly states the FIR was filed on November 15, 2023, based on allegations dating back to 2017, which amounts to a delay of six years. The Court noted this unexplained delay was fatal to the prosecution's case.

Explanation

The article details that the Supreme Court found the prosecution's case suffered from serious evidentiary gaps and an unexplained delay of nearly six years. The Court emphasized that 'mere statements' without corroboration and such a delay cannot justify criminal prosecution, making option C correct.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow channel that connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is a critical global oil transit chokepoint.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Kharg Island is Iran's main oil export terminal and was explicitly threatened. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states the Strait handles roughly one-fifth (20%), not one-third. Statement 3 is correct as Brent crude surged to around $115 per barrel.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Brent crude prices have surged to around $115 per barrel, which is nearly 60% higher since the conflict began in late February. This is a key data point for Prelims.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz's primary strategic significance lies in its role as the world's most important oil transit chokepoint. The article mentions that roughly one-fifth of global oil shipments pass through it, making its security vital for global energy markets and economic stability.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is responsible for India's foreign relations, including the appointment of ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries, as seen with the appointment of Vikram Doraiswami to China.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: Trump's visit is postponed to mid-May. Statement 2 is incorrect; Putin's potential visit is also reported for May 2026, not April. Statement 3 is correct: Doraiswami is a 1992-batch IFS officer who served in Hong Kong and Beijing.

Explanation

The Reuters investigation specifically found that China is conducting mapping across the Pacific, Indian, and Arctic oceans. This is a key factual detail from the article highlighting the global scope of China's maritime activities.

Explanation

While the mapping has civilian uses, the article emphasizes its military significance. It quotes US Rear Admiral Mike Brookes stating the data "enables submarine navigation, concealment, and positioning of seabed sensors or weapons," indicating a primary aim of gaining naval warfare advantage.

Explanation

As seen in the article, the appeal against the MACT award dated March 31, 2018, was filed before the Punjab and Haryana High Court. High Courts are the typical appellate authorities over tribunals like MACTs within their territorial jurisdiction.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The court explicitly stated that a delay in FIR registration cannot be made a ground to discard an otherwise genuine claim. Statement 2 is incorrect. The judgment emphasized that 'functional disability' is distinct from 'physical disability' and must be assessed based on the impact on the claimant's avocation. Statement 3 is correct, as this was the core legal principle established by the court in its March 27 order.

Explanation

The article clearly states, 'The appellant suffered disability to the extent of 65 per cent, which is established by the testimony of a doctor.' While the tribunal had recorded a finding of 100% functional disability, the medical evidence and the High Court's assessment confirmed it as 65%.

Explanation

The core legal principle laid down by the court was that 'Mere resumption of employment, in an accommodated capacity, cannot be equated with restoration of earning capacity to its pre-accident level.' This distinction is crucial for assessing 'just compensation' under the Motor Vehicles Act, as it prevents undervaluation of claims based on superficial evidence of employment.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) is the nodal anti-cybercrime agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is correct as SURAKSHINI aims for a 'preventive content moderation model'. Statement 3 is incorrect because the article states IVFRT 3.0 commences on April 1, 2026, not 2025.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the '1930 cybercrime helpline' as the number for which the AI-assisted complaint registration system is being planned by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C).

Explanation

The article states that SURAKSHINI will facilitate 'the creation of a comprehensive hashbank for CSEAM and NCII content', allowing Social Media Intermediaries to proactively detect and prevent uploads, shifting to a preventive model. The other options describe other initiatives mentioned separately in the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that under the Bill, senior citizens can file an application before the District Collector, who will be the designated authority for adjudicating cases. The Senior Citizen Commission handles appeals against the Collector's orders.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article lists 'acquisition of high-quality swarm drones' as a first lesson. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article states that 'passive measures such as dispersion, concealment... underground infrastructure' are necessary. Statement 3 is correct as one officer highlighted Iran's use of swarm drones as underscoring the need for cost-effective Indian counter-drone capability.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "Bengal ranking seventh highest at 24.06 lakh". 14.52 lakh is the number of women migrants from Bengal, 74.53 lakh is the out-migrant population of Bihar, and 1.23 crore is that of Uttar Pradesh.

Explanation

While all options are mentioned as benefits, the article's core analysis emphasizes that "nearly 90 per cent of the urea consumed in India is import-dependent" and that the West Asia conflict throws a "spotlight on India’s deep energy insecurity". The economic and security risk of reliance on imported natural gas and urea is presented as the primary driver for the green transition.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the data was provided by Shipping Ministry Special Secretary Rajesh Kumar Sinha. The Shipping Ministry is responsible for maritime transport and port infrastructure in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'the chokepoint that usually saw the transit of one-fifth of global oil and LNG flows.' Statement 2 is correct: 'over 50% of its LNG imports transited the Strait.' Statement 3 is incorrect; while India's annual LPG consumption is 'a little over 33 million tonnes,' its import dependency level is 60%, not 90%. 90% refers to the share of LPG imports that come via the Strait.

Explanation

The article states that with 90% of India's LPG imports coming from West Asia via the Strait of Hormuz and an import dependency of 60%, the Strait 'effectively sees the movement of around 54% of India’s LPG consumption.' 90% is the share of imports via the Strait, 60% is overall import dependency, and 40% is the share of crude oil imports via the Strait.

Explanation

The core implication, as detailed in the article, is the exposure of India's strategic vulnerability. With a high dependency on energy imports (60% for LPG) and the majority of those imports (90% of LPG, >50% of LNG, 40% of crude) flowing through a single, geopolitically volatile chokepoint, any disruption poses a direct threat to energy security and economic stability.

Explanation

The NALSA vs Union of India (2014) judgment is explicitly mentioned in the article as the foundational case that recognized transgender persons as a 'third gender', affirmed their fundamental rights, and directed reservation in education and employment.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The court granted '3% additional weightage', not '3% horizontal reservation'. Statement 2 is correct as the court called the OBC notification a 'mere façade' and 'eyewash'. Statement 3 is correct as the article details the court's concern that the 2026 Bill proposes to omit Section 4(2) of the 2019 Act, which recognizes self-identification.

Explanation

As per the article, the Rajasthan High Court ordered that 'transgender persons shall be granted 3 per cent additional weightage in the maximum prescribed marks' for selection and admission in state institutions as an interim measure.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the court's view that 'the right to self-identify one’s gender is an intrinsic facet of dignity, autonomy, and personal liberty under Articles 14, 15, 16 and 21 of the Constitution.' The proposed amendment, by removing self-identification, was seen as diluting this constitutional guarantee.

Explanation

The article states that the defence PSU BEML (Bharat Earth Movers Limited) was awarded the contract to manufacture the B28 trainset at its Bengaluru rail coach complex. BHEL, BEL, and HAL are other defence PSUs not mentioned in this context.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: B28 indicates a design speed of 280 kmph, with an operational speed of 250 kmph. Statement 2 is correct as the article mentions the tender for the ETCS Level 2 signalling system has been awarded. Statement 3 is incorrect because the article clearly states, "First, we will undertake the B28 project, followed by the B-35."

Explanation

The Ministry of Railways statement in the article specifies: "In the current budget, sanctions have been granted for a network spanning 4,000 km." The other options are plausible distractors but are not the figure mentioned.

Explanation

The article emphasizes indigenous development, stating the move addresses "challenges in obtaining rolling stock from Japan" and that technology transfers from Japan are being adapted and manufactured indigenously. It also mentions deploying "Indian-manufactured rolling stock" across new routes, highlighting the self-reliance objective. The other options are not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The article states that the responsibility for swift implementation of the seven HSR projects has been entrusted to the National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL). NHSRCL is the special purpose vehicle for HSR projects in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the Budget 2026-27 proposed seven new corridors. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Committee advised completing land acquisition BEFORE sanctioning projects. Statement 3 is incorrect; the delay was due to land acquisition in Maharashtra, not Gujarat.

Explanation

The Railway Minister stated on July 6, 2025, that the entire land for the MAHSR project, amounting to 1389.5 Hectares, has been acquired. The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the Committee's report stating that land acquisition should be completed prior to sanctioning projects "so as to ensure time-bound implementation and safeguard financial viability." This advice stems from past delays impacting project timelines and costs.

Explanation

The article explicitly quotes Randhir Jaiswal as the 'Ministry of External Affairs official spokesperson' who commented on the consultations. This ministry handles India's diplomatic relations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per TASS report mentioned in the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states crude oil imports via the Strait of Hormuz are 'around half of the overall oil imports', not one-third. Statement 3 is the correct geographical description of the Strait of Hormuz.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'India depends on imports to meet over 88% of its crude oil needs.' The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article centers on energy security, noting India faces a shortage due to the West Asia war and the disruption of the Strait of Hormuz. Discussions on increasing LNG and LPG supplies from Russia were a key part of the talks, as reported by TASS and industry sources.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the transfer of assets was carried out under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. While the FEOA was also invoked against some accused, the primary legal provision for the restitution mentioned is PMLA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states the case stems from a 2014 FIR registered by the CBI. Statement 2 is correct: The ED mentions total attachments are ₹27,030 crore, with ₹26,324 crore attached in the current financial year. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Supreme Court directed SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), not RBI, to set up the Lodha Committee.

Explanation

The article clearly states the ED has facilitated the restitution of assets worth about ₹15,582 crore. ₹27,030 crore is the total value of attachments made, and ₹48,000 crore is the amount still unpaid to investors.

Explanation

As per the article, the Supreme Court directed SEBI to set up the committee headed by Justice R.M. Lodha 'to oversee the sale of PACL’s assets and ensure refunds'. The committee's task is liquidation and distribution, not investigation, prosecution, or regulatory recommendation.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'Israel’s Parliament on Monday passed a law...' Israel's parliament is called the Knesset. It is the unicameral national legislature responsible for enacting laws.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'The law makes the death penalty — by hanging — the default punishment for West Bank Palestinians convicted for nationalistic killings.' Statement 2 is incorrect because the article clearly states 'It is not retro-active and will apply only to future cases' and 'The bill will not apply retroactively to any of the militants Israel currently holds who attacked the country on Oct. 7, 2023.' Statement 3 is correct: 'The law also gives Israeli courts the authority to impose either the death penalty or life imprisonment on its own citizens.'

Explanation

The article states: 'the country hasn’t put anyone to death since Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in 1962.' This is a key factual data point about Israel's historical stance on capital punishment.

Explanation

The article quotes the Association of Civil Rights in Israel petitioning the Supreme Court and calling the law 'discriminatory by design.' Expert Amichai Cohen also notes the distinction means 'Jews will not be indicted under this law,' highlighting its discriminatory application between different populations under Israeli jurisdiction.

Explanation

The Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs. This is a key static GK fact for governance and polity.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the portal has 33 FAQs, not 30. Statement 3 is correct as the FAQ explicitly states stable live-in couples should be treated as married. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the government has notified 33 questions (FAQs) for the first phase. This is a direct data point for Prelims-style questions.

Explanation

The FAQ's clarification is not a legal mandate but an instruction for data collection. Its primary implication is to make the Census more inclusive and accurate by recognizing non-traditional household compositions, which is crucial for social policy planning.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that a 'UNCTAD research paper in 2019 estimated that developing countries faced a potential tariff revenue loss of $10 billion'. UNCTAD is the UN body focused on trade and development issues.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the moratorium is temporary, renewed roughly every two years, and applies to electronic transmissions, not all electronically traded goods. Statement 3 is incorrect as the article states 'India which has long opposed the moratorium'.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the UNCTAD finding: 'estimated that developing countries faced a potential tariff revenue loss of $10 billion in 2017 from the moratorium.' The other figures are plausible-sounding distractors.

Explanation

The article states that developing nations 'contend its extension would deprive them of tariff revenue to fund infrastructure and close the digital divide.' This is framed as a loss of fiscal resources needed for development, not a desire to increase consumer costs or help domestic tech giants.