18 June 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

Paragraph 8 of the MOU states that down-blending will be conducted 'under the supervision of the IAEA'. The IAEA is the global nuclear watchdog responsible for verifying compliance with non-proliferation commitments.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Paragraph 1 declares 'permanent termination of military operations on all fronts, including in Lebanon'. Statement 2 is incorrect because Paragraph 4 says the naval blockade will be fully ended 'within 30 days', not 60. Statement 3 is correct as Paragraph 14 states 'The final deal will be endorsed by a binding UNSC resolution'.

Explanation

Paragraph 6 explicitly states 'at least $300 billion for the reconstruction and economic development of the Islamic Republic of Iran'. The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the text.

Explanation

Paragraph 5 states that Iran will arrange safe passage for commercial vessels from the Persian Gulf to the Sea of Oman, and will conduct dialogue with Oman to define future administration and maritime services in the Strait of Hormuz. This aims to maintain freedom of navigation and regional stability.

Explanation

The Economic Capital Framework was adopted after the Bimal Jalan Committee's recommendations in 2019, determining the RBI's surplus transfer to the government while maintaining adequate contingency reserves.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as ₹2.87 lakh crore exceeds the previous record of ₹2.11 lakh crore. Statement 2 is incorrect—these transfers bypass fiscal devolution to states entirely (not part of divisible pool). Statement 3 is correct as RBI's balance sheet increased by 20.6% to ₹91.97 lakh crore.

Explanation

The article clearly states the RBI approved a record surplus transfer of ₹2.87 lakh crore for FY26. The other options are previous transfers: ₹2.11 lakh crore (FY24), ₹2.69 lakh crore (approx FY25), ₹1.76 lakh crore (post-2019).

Explanation

The article highlights that these transfers are excluded from the divisible pool shared with states, adding to fiscal centralisation. While other options may have some relevance, the core federal concern is the bypassing of devolution mechanisms, reducing states' fiscal flexibility despite their large spending obligations.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that June 18, 1951, marks 75 years since Rajendra Prasad gave his reluctant assent to the First Amendment. He was the first President of India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the Ninth Schedule was created by the First Amendment. Statement 2 is correct: it added public order, incitement to offences, relations with foreign states, and security of the state as restrictions on free speech. Statement 3 is incorrect: while three adverse judgments triggered the amendment, two were from High Courts (Madras and Patna) and one from the Supreme Court (on press censorship). The article mentions the Madras High Court and Patna High Court, not three Supreme Court judgments.

Explanation

The article states that June 18, 1951, marks 75 years since Rajendra Prasad gave his reluctant assent to the First Amendment. Hence the year is 1951.

Explanation

The article explains that three court rulings struck down government efforts on press control, caste-based quotas, and land reform. Nehru saw the Constitution as an impediment, leading to the First Amendment which kneecapped the right to property, allowed backward class reservations, and created the Ninth Schedule to shield laws from judicial review.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Iran will dilute its enriched uranium under the supervision of the IAEA, the UN’s nuclear watchdog.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the MOU was signed by Trump and Iran’s President. Statement 2 is incorrect: the $300 billion reconstruction fund is facilitated by the US but not directly paid by the US; it is supported by regional nations. Statement 3 is correct: Iran will dilute enriched uranium under IAEA supervision. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states the war was 'launched February 28 by the United States and Israel'. March 2 is when Hezbollah fired rockets, and June 17 is when the deal was signed. Hence option A is correct.

Explanation

The article says the US commits to immediately waive oil sanctions crippling Iran’s economy, and that oil prices tumbled as optimism grew for a lasting peace. Waiving sanctions aims to bring Iranian oil back to market, stabilizing prices. No direct US payment is made; the $300 billion fund is facilitated. The Strait of Hormuz is to be reopened, not permanently closed.

Explanation

MACTs are established under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (Chapter XII) to adjudicate claims for compensation arising from motor vehicle accidents. The Supreme Court judgment in Shishupal arose from a MACT case under this Act.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the Court valued homemaker's services at ₹30,000/month. Statement 2 is incorrect: the judgment explicitly states it does NOT create a salary, wage entitlement, or employment relationship. Statement 3 is correct: the Court directed that the floor must be hiked by 10% every three years. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The Supreme Court revised the compensation to ₹62.78 lakh after attaching ₹30,000 per month economic value to the homemaker's services. The other options represent earlier awards: ₹2.42 lakh by MACT, ₹8.43 lakh by the High Court, and ₹30,000/month is the notional monthly value, not the total compensation.

Explanation

The judgment, likely applied retrospectively, sets a higher floor for homemaker compensation. Motor insurance is a low-margin segment, and a large increase in average claim size may force companies to reassess risk models and settle claims faster in Lok Adalats. Options A, C, and D are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article is authored by the Union Minister of Jal Shakti, and the ministry oversees water-related schemes including Jal Jeevan Mission, Namami Gange, and water conservation initiatives. The Ministry of Rural Development handles other rural schemes, but not water-specific ones.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly calls JJM the world's largest rural drinking water programme. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article states Ken-Betwa is the 'first major river interlinking initiative'. Statement 3 is correct based on the WHO assessment cited in the article.

Explanation

The article states that when JJM was launched, only about 17% (3.23 crore) households had tap water. Now, more than 15.8 crore rural households, covering over 81% of rural India, have access. 100% is the target by 2028, not current.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that water challenges cannot be addressed through isolated interventions and must be viewed as parts of a connected ecosystem. Option C captures the full scope of the integrated approach mentioned. Other options are partial or not the primary objective.

Explanation

The article explicitly compares the 2026 MoU to the 2015 JCPOA, noting that both involve sanctions relief for Iran in exchange for nuclear program limitations. The JCPOA was signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article states Iran will resume oil sales and access frozen assets. Statement 2 is incorrect: the deal does not require permanent surrender; it sets up negotiations for a longer-term nuclear deal. Statement 3 is correct: the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz is a key outcome mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article specifically states '13 Americans and more than 3,000 Iranians reported to have been killed.' The other options are distractors: 3,000 is the Iranian casualty figure, while 30 and 60 are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article highlights that critics, including Sen. Cassidy and former Secretary Blinken, argue the deal teaches Iran that closing the Strait of Hormuz gives it leverage. It also notes that North Korea, which raced for the bomb, faces no US threats, suggesting Iran might follow that model.

Explanation

The article states that the 'governing council meeting of NITI Aayog' signalled a decisive shift, with the Prime Minister calling for district-level GDP estimates. NITI Aayog is the policy think tank responsible for such strategic planning.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: top 100 districts contribute 40% of output. Statement 2 is incorrect: the Aspirational Districts Programme was launched in 2018, not 2016. Statement 3 is correct: the article explicitly states that district-level estimates are 'derived from state-level coefficients projected downward'.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'the bottom 400 contribute under 15 per cent'. This is a precise data point likely to be tested in prelims. Close distractors include 10% (too low) and 20% (too high).

Explanation

The article outlines multiple benefits: better fiscal devolution (analytical scaffolding for resource transfer), treating districts as export hubs for global value chains, and reversing distress migration through knowledge of local production. Hence, all are expected benefits.

Explanation

UNCLOS contains detailed provisions on straits used for international navigation, including transit passage and prohibition of tolls. SOLAS and MARPOL deal with safety and pollution, while UNFCCC deals with climate change.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the MoU opens the door for Iran to stake claims and charge fees. Statement 2 is incorrect: the US has not ratified UNCLOS. Statement 3 is correct: the article explicitly mentions that India has opposed tolls.

Explanation

The article states: 'The U.S., which will fully end its naval blockade within 30 days'.

Explanation

The article mentions that 'International shipping interests, including India, have also opposed tolls.' India is heavily dependent on oil imports, and any additional cost in the Strait of Hormuz would raise energy prices.

Explanation

The Drugs Rules, 1945, are framed under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, which is administered by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (through the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: cough syrups were in Schedule K (OTC list). Statement 2 is correct: the amendment removes all syrup-based medicines from Schedule K. Statement 3 is incorrect: the deaths in October 2025 occurred in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, not Jammu (the Jammu deaths were in Dec 2019-Jan 2020).

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'more than 140 children' have died in Africa and Central Asia since 2022 due to India-made cough syrups. The other options are lower and incorrect as per the data.

Explanation

The amendment aims to address the regulatory failure that allowed self-medication and weak oversight, particularly in villages with less than 1,000 population. The goal is to protect patient safety by requiring prescriptions for all syrup-based medicines.

Explanation

Logistics support agreements are defence cooperation pacts managed by the Ministry of Defence. The article mentions Minister of State for Defence Subhash Bhamre clarifying the nature of LEMOA in Parliament, confirming MoD's role.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article explicitly states that RELOS does not confer any provision for permanent basing of assets. Statement 2 is correct as the agreement was signed in Moscow on February 18, 2025. Statement 3 is incorrect because the agreement is valid for five years, not ten, and allows for revisions later.

Explanation

The article states that RELOS stipulates a maximum of 3,000 troops, representing a broad upper limit for contingents and ships/aircraft during engagements mutually agreed upon by both sides. The other options are distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article highlights that LSAs enable faster turnaround times and increase on-station times for ships and aircraft, as seen during anti-piracy deployments. They are administrative pacts, not military alliances or base agreements. Option B correctly captures the operational benefit.

Explanation

Point 14 of the MoU explicitly states that the final deal between the two countries will be endorsed by a binding United Nations Security Council resolution. The IAEA is involved only in nuclear supervision (point 8), not endorsement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: point 1 declares 'immediate and permanent' end of conflict on all fronts including Lebanon. Statement 2 is incorrect: the US promised to lift all kinds of sanctions in a schedule agreed as part of the final deal, not conditional on complete dismantlement. Statement 3 is correct: point 6 says the US along with regional partners agreed to a reconstruction fund of at least $300 billion.

Explanation

Point 6 of the MoU states: 'The US, along with the regional partners, agreed to a plan for the reconstruction and economic development of Iran with a fund of at least $300 billion.' The other options are close distractors but not mentioned in the agreement.

Explanation

The MoU's first points directly address the end of conflict on all fronts (point 1) and the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz with safe passage for commercial vessels (point 5). While nuclear and economic issues are included, the immediate crisis was the war and the blockade of the strait, which had global economic repercussions.

Explanation

The writer is identified as the former Governor of India to the IAEA. The IAEA is the UN body that implements safeguards and verifies compliance with the NPT, making it central to the nuclear deal mentioned in the article.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: the article explicitly states the MoU does NOT include specific provisions for discussing curtailment of Iran's ballistic missile capabilities. Statement 2 is correct: the US will lift the naval blockade fully within 30 days. Statement 3 is correct: the final agreement will be approved through a binding UN Security Council resolution.

Explanation

The article states: 'Oil prices, which skyrocketed to $126 per barrel during the conflict, have plunged below $80, triggering a major stock market rally.' This is a key data point for Prelims.

Explanation

The article highlights that Iran's commitment is a concession because it effectively waives the NPT's withdrawal clause (Article X). This prevents Iran from legally leaving the treaty and later developing nuclear weapons, which is a core US non-proliferation goal.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategic chokepoint between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, through which about 20-25% of global oil trade passes. The US-Iran deal specifically mandated its reopening.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the deal was signed at the G7 summit in Evian-les-Bains. Statement 2 is incorrect because the US committed to withdrawing its forces from Iran's proximity within 30 days. Statement 3 is correct as the deal mentions Iran working with Oman and Gulf nations for a wider agreement.

Explanation

The MoU states that within 30 days of a comprehensive final agreement being signed, the United States has committed to withdrawing its forces from the proximity of Iran.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz handles about a quarter of the world's oil trade. Its reopening ensures the free flow of oil, reducing price volatility and stabilizing global energy markets, which is the primary global significance.

Explanation

Section 19(1) of PMLA empowers ED officers to arrest a person if they have 'reason to believe' that the person is guilty of an offence under PMLA, based on material in their possession. Section 50 deals with the power to summon persons, not arrest.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the court explicitly held that using repackaged material from a previous ECIR constitutes 'recycled suspicion' and is not permissible. Statement 2 is correct as the court said arrest is the last resort. Statement 3 is correct as the court cited the Arnab Goswami case.

Explanation

The article states that on May 8, 2026, the ED arrested the three petitioners. May 7 was the date of searches at their residences. February 23 is when the new ECIR was filed, and June 18 is the date of the High Court judgment.

Explanation

The court held that Section 19(1) PMLA requires material available at the time of arrest to justify it. Using the same allegations from a closed ECIR, merely repackaged, does not satisfy this requirement. The court termed this 'recycled suspicion' and declared the arrest illegal.

Explanation

The scheme is administered through the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), which operates under the Ministry of Labour and Employment. The article quotes the EPFO Commissioner, confirming this linkage.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct – the scheme targets 3.5 crore new jobs. Statement 2 is incorrect – benefits are only for new entrants, not existing employees. Statement 3 is correct – manufacturing units get 48 months of incentives, as per the article. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the central government has earmarked ₹1 lakh crore for the nationwide implementation of the scheme. The other options are plausible distractors but not mentioned.

Explanation

The article repeatedly emphasises that the scheme aims to generate 3.5 crore jobs and incentivise employers to hire new workers through financial support. Skill training is not mentioned; the scheme directly focuses on employment creation and retention, not a replacement of EPF.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that sources in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry provided the information on the revised social security pact and the steel tariff resolution. The ministry's official is quoted anonymously. This ministry handles international trade agreements and export promotion.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the original Agreement on Social Security was signed in July 2025. Statement 2 is correct: the revised exemption limit increased to 5 years. Statement 3 is incorrect: the DCC (and CETA) will come into effect on July 15, 2026, not on June 17 (which was the announcement date). Hence only statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the savings to Indian companies employing temporary Indian workers will be 'more than half a billion dollars' i.e., $500 million. The other figures are related to steel exports: $890 million is the total steel export value to UK, and $137 million is the portion affected by the new tariff.

Explanation

According to the article, Indian workers had to pay social security in both India and the UK, but UK benefits accrued only after 10 consecutive years of contribution. Since most stayed up to 5 years, they got no benefit. The revised DCC exempts them from UK payments for up to 5 years, solving this double burden.

Explanation

The article states that US President Donald Trump formally signed the deal while attending the G7 summit in Evian-les-Bains, France. Therefore, the correct answer is G7 Summit.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the agreement was signed on Wednesday, June 17, 2026. Statement 2 is incorrect because the framework is worth at least $300 billion, not $400 billion. Statement 3 is correct as the MoU states that the US will make frozen funds available upon implementation. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states the MoU outlines a framework worth 'at least $300 billion' for reconstruction and economic development of Iran. The other amounts are not mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The article states that the United States and Iran signed an agreement 'to end the war in the Middle East, which had been going on for over three months.' The reconstruction fund is part of this peace framework, making ending the war the primary objective.

Explanation

The Taiwan Relations Act (1979) is the U.S. law that establishes unofficial relations with Taiwan and authorises the sale of defensive arms to Taiwan. The Taiwan Travel Act facilitates high-level visits but does not directly govern arms sales. The other options are not actual U.S. laws as mentioned in the article.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: President Lai said Taiwan's refusal to accept unification should NOT be seen as a provocation. Statement 2 is correct: China has rebuffed his multiple offers of dialogue. Statement 3 is incorrect: Parliament approved only two-thirds of the $40 billion budget, not the full amount.

Explanation

The article states that Taiwan's Defence Ministry proposed a special defence package worth T$210 billion ($6.66 billion) for surveillance, coastal attack and small unmanned surface drones. $40 billion was the original supplementary budget proposed by President Lai, which was cut by parliament.

Explanation

President Lai emphasised that Taiwan must strengthen its defence capabilities and that weapons purchases send an important message to the world that Taiwan is willing to defend itself. This is not about provocation but about deterrence and self-reliance, especially as China's military coercion intensifies.

Explanation

The European Parliament, as the directly elected legislative body of the EU, approved the reform with a 418-218 vote. The European Commission proposes laws, the European Council sets strategic direction, and the European Court of Justice interprets EU law.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the reform enables 'return hubs' outside EU borders. Statement 2 is incorrect: France and Spain opposed securing EU money for such centres. Statement 3 is correct: the new rules allow detention up to two years for non-cooperative or security-risk migrants.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the repatriation system 'currently sees less than 30% of people who are ordered to leave actually returned'. The other options are close distractors but not the exact figure mentioned.

Explanation

Proponents say return hubs could 'facilitate repatriations and act as a deterrent for would-be irregular migrants'. The reform is about improving the low return rate (under 30%) and creating offshore processing centres, not about increasing legal migration or providing housing.

Explanation

The NFHS is conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) under the aegis of the Government of India. It is a large-scale, multi-round survey that provides data on health and nutrition indicators across states and union territories.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: NFHS-6 data was collected in 2023-24 and entered public debate in mid-2026. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article explicitly states that the two reports on health expenses (NSO 80th Round and National Health Accounts) 'barely received any attention'. Statement 3 is correct: the author recommends a joint action note within 30 to 45 days. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly recommends that every major national health survey should be followed, within 30 to 45 days, by a national and state-level action note jointly prepared by the government and independent academic institutions. This is a specific recommendation from the author.

Explanation

The article argues that 'data without budgetary consequence are merely information'. Linking survey findings (e.g., rising NCDs, high out-of-pocket expenditure) to budget allocation ensures that the government reallocates resources to address identified gaps, such as strengthening primary care or drug procurement. This is about turning data into actionable policy.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) confirmed the formation of El Niño in the equatorial Pacific. IMD is India's weather agency but did not make this confirmation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as defined in the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article says rainfall is 35% below normal, not above. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions roughly 15 out of two dozen El Niño years produced below-normal monsoon. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that NOAA placed the odds at about 63% that the El Niño will strengthen into a 'very strong' event by the northern winter. The other options are distractors.

Explanation

The article explains that El Niño tends to weaken the South Asian monsoon, and historically about 60% of El Niño years result in below-normal monsoon. A 'super' El Niño increases the risk of a deficient monsoon, which can cause drought, affect agriculture, and strain food and fiscal planning.

Explanation

The court specifically referenced this Act while noting that the district authorities cancelled the homestay registration without adhering to its provisions. This is a state-specific legislation governing tourism service providers.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the cancellation was quashed due to lack of notice and non-compliance with the Act, not proper procedure. Statement 2 is correct as per the article. Statement 3 is incorrect because the court only directed the state to 'examine the feasibility' of formulating a framework, not to immediately implement it.

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'The court identified nine critical areas requiring attention' including fire safety, food safety, building compliance, guest security, etc. This is a direct data point from the news.

Explanation

The court noted that in the absence of a coordinated framework, operators face uncertainty about approvals and enforcement agencies adopt inconsistent approaches. A consolidated framework would facilitate compliance and improve administrative efficiency, as stated in the article.

Explanation

The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes, granting protections for land, customary laws, and self-governance. The article specifically mentions Fifth Schedule protections for tribal communities in Madhya Pradesh.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states there are 47 Assembly seats reserved for STs. Statement 2 is correct: CM Mohan Yadav announced the Bill would be introduced in the monsoon session beginning July 20. Statement 3 is incorrect: The committee was headed by a former Supreme Court judge, not specifically a former Chief Justice of India.

Explanation

The article mentions that tribal communities account for 'more than a fifth' of the population, which is approximately 21% (one-fifth = 20%, more than that is around 21%+).

Explanation

The article highlights that tribal groups and opposition leaders argue that a blanket UCC could undermine tribal customs, inheritance systems, and social relations protected under the Fifth Schedule and PESA Act. With over 21% tribal population and 47 reserved seats, the issue is electorally charged.

Explanation

The NTA is an autonomous body established in 2017 under the Ministry of Education (formerly Ministry of Human Resource Development). It conducts national entrance exams like NEET, JEE, and CUET.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article mentions a temporary block, not a permanent ban. Statement 2 is correct — the Radhakrishnan Committee was appointed after the 2024 exam irregularities on the SC's nudge. Statement 3 is correct — the NTA's use of private vendors has drawn criticism from parliamentary panels.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Telegram has an estimated 150 million users in India, making it second only to Meta's WhatsApp in reach. Options 100M, 200M, and 250M are close distractors.

Explanation

The article argues that blocking Telegram is a 'blunt measure' and 'executive overreach' that does not address the fundamental vulnerability — the chain of custody of question papers. The real issue is systemic failure, not just the platform used to circulate leaked materials.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions the IEA's monthly market report forecasting a supply glut of 5.05 million barrels per day in 2027 if the deal is implemented. OPEC is a producer group, while the World Bank and IMF focus on development and financial stability.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the 14-point memorandum begins a 60-day negotiation period. Statement 2 is incorrect: the deal calls for full capacity restoration within 30 days, not 60 days. Statement 3 is correct: the preliminary accord defers more difficult issues such as Iran's nuclear program. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'Brent crude futures were down 89 cents, or 1.12%, at $78.66 a barrel as of 0005 GMT.' Option A ($75.81) is the price of WTI, not Brent. The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article quotes IG market analyst Tony Sycamore: 'The sell-off extended as energy markets continued to aggressively price in a faster-than-expected return of Iranian barrels.' The deal waives U.S. sanctions on Tehran's oil, allowing Iranian oil to re-enter global markets, increasing supply and lowering prices.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the High-Level Clearance Authority (HLCA), chaired by Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi, approved the projects. This is a state-level body, not a central one.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the unit is in Ganjam, not Khordha. Statement 3 is correct: the combined investment in lab-grown diamond sector is ₹9,817.50 crore.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the projects have the potential to generate 50,517 employment opportunities. The other options are common distractors.

Explanation

The HLCA is a state-level body chaired by the Chief Minister to expedite approval of major industrial projects, thereby promoting ease of doing business. This is evident from the article where it approved 20 projects in a single meeting.

Explanation

The JCPOA was negotiated by the P5+1 - the five permanent UN Security Council members (US, UK, France, Russia, China) plus Germany. The other options are incorrect: G7 is an economic forum, NATO is a military alliance, and BRICS is a different group.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: the JCPOA was NOT designed to change Iran's regime or solve all issues - it only aimed to put verifiable limits on Iran's nuclear program. Statement 2 is correct: the 'Maximum Pressure' strategy used sanctions to force negotiations. Statement 3 is correct: the article explicitly describes Iran as a civilisation-state too large and strategically positioned to be conquered.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Mr. Trump... withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018'. The JCPOA was signed in 2015, making 2017 and 2020 incorrect. This is a key factual date for Prelims.

Explanation

The article's central argument is that 'Iran is too big, too strategically situated, and too resilient to be neglected' - it cannot be conquered or isolated. This structural reality, not military or technological superiority, forces diplomacy.

Explanation

The article states the Swiss foreign ministry issued the statement confirming the plan. Switzerland is the host country for the talks.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the talks are planned for June 19 at Buergenstock. Statement 2 is incorrect because Pakistan and Qatar are the mediators, not the US. Statement 3 is correct as the MoU was signed on June 17, 2026.

Explanation

The article explicitly states Iran's President signed the MoU on June 17, 2026. The other options are close distractors: June 18 is the date of the article's publication, and June 19 is the date of the planned talks.

Explanation

The Swiss foreign ministry's statement says the meeting is for 'initial negotiations about implementing the agreement' (the ceasefire MoU). The other options are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article states that the finance ministry gives its concurrence to the rate fixed by the CBT, as the Government of India is the guarantor of the EPF. The Ministry of Labour and Employment oversees the EPFO, but the rate is ratified by the Finance Ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the CBT decided on 8.25% for FY 2025-26. Statement 2 is incorrect because the rate was 8.25% in FY 2023-24 and FY 2024-25 as well, so it is not the highest in five years (it was 8.5% in 2019-20). Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions over 7 crore contributing members will receive credit this month.

Explanation

The article mentions that EPFO increased the interest rate marginally to 8.25% for 2023-24, from 8.15% in 2022-23. Therefore, the rate for FY 2022-23 was 8.15%.

Explanation

The article states that the finance ministry's concurrence is required because the Government of India is the guarantor of the EPF. This ratification provides the legal backing and government guarantee for the interest to be credited to subscribers' accounts.

Explanation

The article mentions the 'Parliamentary Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children, Youth and Sports' headed by Rajya Sabha MP Digvijaya Singh presented the 381st action taken report. This is a key static fact about parliamentary committees and their jurisdiction.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: NEP-2020 envisions 6% GDP spending. Statement 2 is correct: actual spending is 4.12% (2021-22). Statement 3 is incorrect: the committee recommended an increase of 8% to 10%, not 5%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'total expenditure on education stood at 4.12% of GDP in 2021-22'. Option D is Bhutan's figure (7.47%) and option C is the NEP target. This is a direct data recall question for prelims.

Explanation

The article states the committee feels 'allocation should increase at least 8% to 10% to accommodate inflation, to maintain the existing standards'. Higher inflation erodes the real value of budget, so a larger nominal hike is needed. Options A and C are not the primary reasons mentioned.

Explanation

The article specifically states that AQAIC is a flagship initiative of the Andhra Pradesh government, launched in association with IBM. It is not a national scheme or linked to other states.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article says AQAIC was launched in association with IBM. Statement 2 is incorrect because the 380 quantum innovation cells are set up across engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh, not across IITs and NITs in India. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the operating model brings together industry, academia, and technology experts.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that AQAIC is powered by a statewide network of 380 quantum innovation cells set up across engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh, bringing together more than 3,000 professors and students.

Explanation

The article clearly states AQAIC is designed to speed up the development of practical quantum computing applications and algorithms that can address real-world challenges across industry and public services. The other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The CMA is the UK's primary competition and consumer protection regulator. It ordered Google to increase transparency in search rankings and allow data portability. The other options are regulators from India, the US, and the EU respectively.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the CMA ordered Google to rank organic search results using objective criteria. Statement 2 is incorrect: Google has 6 months (not 3) for fair ranking; 3 months is for data portability. Statement 3 is correct: Google was assigned 'strategic market status' and accounts for over 90% of UK search queries. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Google accounts for more than 90% of UK search queries. The other options are close distractors but the correct figure is 90% as mentioned in the CMA's findings.

Explanation

Data portability reduces switching costs for users and businesses, making it easier to move to alternative search services. This promotes competition by lowering barriers to entry and reducing Google's market dominance. While privacy is a related concern, the core objective here is competition enhancement.

Explanation

The NTA is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Education, responsible for conducting major entrance exams like NEET-UG and JEE. The Ministry of Home Affairs oversees security agencies like CRPF and CISF, but not the NTA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions IAF support for moving examination material. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Telegram ban is temporary, until June 22, not permanent. Statement 3 is correct as paper setters, moderators, and translators have been isolated with communication restrictions.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that access to Telegram has been temporarily restricted in India until June 22, 2026. The other options are close distractors: June 21 is the re-test date, and June 20 and June 25 are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article highlights that the exercise aims to restore trust in a system shaken by allegations of malpractice. While cost reduction and format transition are mentioned as future considerations, the immediate objective is to ensure a secure and credible re-test.

Explanation

PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) is a central sector scheme under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It provides direct income support of ₹6,000 per year to land-holding farmer families.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Annadatha Sukhibhava was launched on August 2, 2025. Statement 2 is incorrect: The central contribution under PM-KISAN is ₹2,000, not ₹5,000 (state contributes ₹5,000). Statement 3 is correct: The state-level event is at Lingamguntla village in Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency of Palnadu district.

Explanation

The article states that 46,85,838 farmer families will benefit, comprising 45,69,817 land-owning farmers and 1,16,021 RoFR title holders. Option A is only the land-owning count, and option D is only the RoFR count.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the simultaneous release aims at providing timely financial support to farmers, strengthening farm livelihoods, and promoting sustainable agricultural growth. The other options are not mentioned as objectives.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the commission will be under the chairmanship of the Chief Secretary. This is a key static fact for state-level governance structures.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the investment threshold mentioned. Statement 2 is incorrect; the commission is chaired by the Chief Secretary, not the Chief Minister. Statement 3 is correct; the commission is part of the new industrial policy linked to the $1.5 trillion target.

Explanation

The article specifies that the commission will fast-track approvals for companies providing employment to 5,000 persons. This is a precise data point for prelims.

Explanation

The commission is specifically designed to grant fast-track approvals for large investments (₹200 Cr+ or 5,000 jobs) as part of the state's new industrial policy to enhance the ease of doing business.

Explanation

The article states that the US-Iran MoU was signed by President Donald Trump. Israel was not a party to the MoU and was not consulted.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect – the article says the US struck the deal without consulting Israel. Statement 2 is correct – the MoU says a final deal will be negotiated within 60 days. Statement 3 is correct – the IDF posted that troops are deployed in a security zone ~10 km inside Lebanon.

Explanation

The article quotes the IDF statement: 'The IDF is deployed in the Security Zone, ~10 km inside Lebanese territory, due to operational requirements.'

Explanation

The article states the MoU chips away at Netanyahu's core strengths – 'tough on security' and friendship with Trump – and that elections are ~3 months away. The opposition calls it a strategic failure, threatening his political survival.

Explanation

The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019, introduced 10% reservation for EWS in the general category by amending Articles 15 and 16. The 101st amendment introduced GST, the 102nd granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes, and the 104th extended reservation for SC/ST in Lok Sabha and state assemblies.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 64.4% of EWS candidates attended premium coaching. Statement 2 is incorrect because the EWS quota is exclusively for the general category, not for SC/ST/OBC. Statement 3 is correct: 44.4% (at least 46 candidates) had private schooling with fees between Rs 45,000 and Rs 1.5 lakh annually.

Explanation

The investigation found that parents of at least 28 candidates (26.9%) own businesses ranging from shops to steel fabrication. 64.4% is the percentage who attended premium coaching, 44.4% had private schooling, and 9.6% held corporate jobs before preparation.

Explanation

The core finding of the investigation is the gap between the scheme's stated purpose (helping the poorest) and the profiles of beneficiaries, many of whom had access to premium coaching, private schooling, and family businesses. This raises questions about the effectiveness of the eligibility verification process.

Explanation

As per Article 239AA of the Constitution, Delhi has a Lieutenant Governor as its constitutional head, appointed by the President. The LG exercises powers in matters of public order, police, and land, and acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers except in certain matters.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: LG directed 20% reservation for ex-Agniveers in Group C posts. Statement 2 is incorrect: reservation is only for specific departments (Police, Fire, Prisons, Forest & Wildlife), not all government posts. Statement 3 is correct: the deadline for finalising procedures is June 30. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the LG directed the execution of a 20% reservation in direct recruitment to vacant Group C posts. The other options are common distractors: 10% is the central reservation for ex-Agniveers in paramilitary forces, while 25% and 30% are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article states that the LG directed the execution of reservation 'to optimally harness the discipline and military training of these youths'. While reducing unemployment is a secondary benefit, the core objective is to integrate trained personnel into civic frameworks to enhance institutional resilience.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and is a vital passage for about 20-30% of the world's oil. Its closure due to the US-Iran conflict had created a historic energy crisis, and its reopening is a key part of the MoU.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the MoU calls for a permanent end to hostilities and a 60-day negotiating clock. Statement 2 is incorrect: the US will waive, not eliminate, some sanctions. Statement 3 is correct: the deal affirms Lebanon's territorial integrity and Israel must withdraw, though Israel has rejected this condition.

Explanation

The article states that the accord would provide Iran with at least $300 billion to rebuild, though the money appears dependent on the progress of further negotiations. The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The MoU affirms Lebanon's territorial integrity and calls for Israel to pull out its forces from Southern Lebanon. Israel has maintained it will continue to occupy Lebanese territory and defend itself against Hezbollah, making this the most delicate and contentious part of the agreement for Netanyahu.

Explanation

India is not a member of the G7. The G7 comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US. India participates as a guest in some summits but is not a permanent member.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the FTA was announced between India and the EU, not the US. Statement 3 is correct; G7 leaders emphasised progress under the US-Iran MoU and called for negotiations to ensure Iran does not acquire a nuclear weapon.

Explanation

The article states that 'attacks on commercial ships by the US Navy killed three Indians.' The other options are distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article notes that stability in the Strait of Hormuz is 'crucial for energy security and maritime trade' for India. India imports a significant portion of its oil through this strait. Other options are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority (TDRA) is tasked with overseeing the enforcement of the new social media ban for children under 15.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the law bans children under 15 from creating or using personal accounts. Statement 2 is incorrect: the resolution explicitly rejects parental consent as a valid exemption. Statement 3 is correct: the compliance deadline is December 31, 2026. Hence option D is correct.

Explanation

The article states that platforms have until December 31, 2026 to comply with the new requirements. The other options are close distractors that do not match the specified deadline.

Explanation

The article highlights that the UAE resolution explicitly rejects parental consent as a valid exemption, whereas India's DPDP Act mandates verifiable parental consent before processing personal data of anyone under 18. This is the key structural difference between the two frameworks.

Explanation

The report was released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a specialized UN agency focusing on weather, climate, and hydrology. IPCC provides assessments but does not release annual state-of-climate reports; UNEP focuses on environmental policy; UNDP on development.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the report: 'the warming trend in Asia during the 1991-2025 period was approximately twice as strong as observed in the region during the 1961-1990 period.' Statement 2 is incorrect – the report does not claim 2025 as the warmest globally; it says 2025 was among Asia's warmest years. Statement 3 is correct: 'one of the report's key findings was the record-high ocean heat content across Asia in 2025, the highest since observations began in 1960.' Hence option C.

Explanation

The report states: 'temperatures over the Asian landmass in 2025 were 0.96 degree Celsius above the 1991-2020 average.' The 1.9°C figure is the anomaly relative to the 1961-1990 baseline. 2.36°C is the summer temperature anomaly for Japan. 1.5°C is a common global warming target not directly mentioned in the data.

Explanation

The report explicitly links record ocean heat to widespread marine heatwaves of strong, severe, or extreme intensity, affecting regions like the northern Indian Ocean and East China Sea. These heatwaves 'can severely affect marine ecosystems and communities dependent on fisheries and coastal livelihoods.' Options B, C, and D are factually incorrect – ocean warming contributes to sea level rise (not decrease), monsoon impacts are complex, and glacier melt is accelerated not slowed.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Strait of Hormuz was the conduit for a fifth of global petroleum and LNG supply before the war. Other straits are also important but not mentioned in the news.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Ghalibaf called the MoU a 'record of American failure'. Statement 2 is correct: the MoU was signed at the Palace of Versailles. Statement 3 is correct: Trump said at the G7 that Hormuz will be opened 'toll-free' including beyond 60 days.

Explanation

The article states 'a huge body of crude oil is currently believed to be stuck in the Gulf aboard 54 supertankers carrying approximately 87 million barrels of crude.' Option B is correct; others are distractor numbers from the article (87 million barrels, 72 million barrels from sanctions relief, and 93 is not mentioned).

Explanation

The article explicitly says 'Global oil prices are also expected to fall as the resumption of traffic through Hormuz is likely to throw open the gates for West Asian crude oil.' The release of 87 million barrels of stranded oil would increase supply, lowering prices. Option A is opposite; C and D are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article states that the US government imposed export controls on Anthropic's models (Fable 5 and Mythos 5), citing national security concerns, leading to their disablement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Dario Amodei proposed structured access and trade restrictions excluding China. Statement 2 is incorrect: Sam Altman said democratic governments should make the rules, not AI labs. Statement 3 is correct: G7 leaders tasked officials with assessing AI's impact on financial stability, productivity, and labour markets.

Explanation

The article specifies that the meeting took place on Wednesday, June 18, at the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, France. The other dates are distractors not mentioned in the content.

Explanation

The article mentions G7 leaders discussed creating a 'trusted partners' scheme to grant non-US nations access to advanced AI models from US-based firms like Anthropic, addressing fears of sudden shutdown of services.

Explanation

The order was issued on June 11 by the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Andhra Pradesh, as per the news article. The National Medical Commission (NMC) is a national body, not a state department. Therefore, option B is correct.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: doctors with valid registration elsewhere need not register separately with AP Medical Council. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article explicitly states that doctors are NOT exempt from NMC Act 2019 provisions. Statement 3 is correct: the order exempts doctors from taking NOC from the home state. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states the order was issued on June 11. June 18 is the publication date of the news. The other dates are not mentioned. Therefore, the correct date is June 11, 2026.

Explanation

The article mentions that the new rules 'will help open Andhra's doors to doctors across India and make the state a destination for medical tourism.' The order itself cites 'ease of practice' as the policy rationale. Increasing medical colleges or reducing salary burden are not mentioned. There is no Supreme Court directive cited. Hence option B is correct.

Explanation

The deal states that down-blending of enriched uranium will be done on site under IAEA supervision. The IAEA is the UN's nuclear watchdog, tasked with verifying compliance and ensuring peaceful use.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect – the MoU does NOT require Iran to hand over the stockpile; only to manage it via IAEA-supervised down-blending. Statement 2 is correct – all sanctions on Iranian oil exports are lifted per the MoU. Statement 3 is correct – both countries agreed to refrain from interference and respect sovereignty.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the peace deal includes a US-led rebuild plan worth at least $300 billion. This figure was initially denied by Trump as 'Fake News' but later confirmed.

Explanation

Trump argued that continued bombing would cost $500-700 million per day and would keep the Strait of Hormuz closed, causing global market collapse. Thus, the deal averted an 'economic catastrophe'.

Explanation

The order was passed by Justice L Victoria Gowri of the Madras High Court in a plea from Pudhu Kalarampatti, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the court clearly said no person can be excommunicated or prevented. Statement 2 is incorrect: the order is not limited to those temples but states that no person in the locality shall be excommunicated, implying a broader application. Statement 3 is correct: the court directed police to ensure participation without fear.

Explanation

The temples mentioned are Arulmigu Kaliamman Temple, Mariamman Temple, and Sri Bhagavathi Amman Temple.

Explanation

The court emphasized the right to freely practice religion, which includes entering a temple and worshipping. Excommunication violates this right. Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.