21 April 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution establishes the Election Commission, vesting in it the superintendence, direction, and control of elections. Articles 325-329 deal with other electoral matters like no discrimination on grounds of religion (325), adult suffrage (326), and Parliament's power to make laws (327).

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are correct as per the ECI's written reply to the Supreme Court mentioned in the article. Statement 3 is incorrect. The article states that the original SIR orders in June 2024 and October 2025 made no mention of 'logical discrepancies'; the criteria were revealed later.

Explanation

The algorithm initially narrowed down 1.36 crore names, of which 60.06 lakh were placed under adjudication. After adjudication, 27.10 lakh were finally deleted. The figure of 9,968 relates to deletions in Bihar, not West Bengal.

Explanation

Former CECs cited in the article stated the criteria had 'no basis' in the SIR process, were 'illogical', and contradicted the ECI's traditional inclusive approach ('no voter to be left behind'). The other options are not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a statutory committee constituted under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Its primary objective is to determine the policy repo rate to achieve the inflation target set by the Government of India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'half of our crude oil imports'. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Governor stated the 'second-round effects are the real concern', and monetary policy's role is to influence inflation expectations rather than directly neutralize the first-round shock. Statement 3 is correct as FPIs sold $13.6bn in March and net sold $6.3bn in April.

Explanation

The article states: 'wholesale inflation surged to a 38-month high of 3.88%'. 3.4% is the retail inflation (CPI) for March. 4.6% is the projected retail inflation for 2026-27. 5.25% is the repo rate.

Explanation

The Governor explicitly stated that preventing the entrenchment of inflation is where monetary policy has a primary role to play 'through its influence on inflation expectations rather than through blunt demand compression.' This highlights the forward-looking and expectations-anchoring role of modern monetary policy.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal commented on the government's engagement with Iran. The Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for India's foreign relations and diplomatic communication.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect: while 10 ships have safely crossed, 14 remain stranded. Statement 3 is correct as the article states the Strait carries nearly 20% of global oil supply.

Explanation

The article clearly states that '14 vessels remain stranded in the region; these include crude and LPG carriers.' The number 10 refers to ships that have safely crossed.

Explanation

The article directly states that 'the situation presents a twin challenge ensuring the safety of Indian vessels and seafarers while safeguarding energy supply lines that depend on the Gulf corridor.' The other options are extreme reactions not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The article states that the drivers of this curricular area are the aspirations enunciated in the National Education Policy 2020. NCF-SE 2023 is the framework that recognizes the area, but NEP 2020 is the overarching policy driver.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article launch date. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article explicitly clarifies that 'CT is not coding, nor is it computer science.' Statement 3 is correct as the curriculum adopts a graded approach where CT is part of the mathematics curriculum in Classes 3-5.

Explanation

The article specifies that in Classes 3-5, CT is part of the mathematics curriculum. This is part of the graded, age-sensitive approach before deeper treatment in Classes 6-8.

Explanation

The article's vision emphasizes developing learners who are 'informed, capable and responsible digital citizens' who can critically engage with AI, moving beyond treating tools as 'black boxes'. The other options are incorrect or misrepresent the curriculum's goals.

Explanation

The article mentions the Finance Commission in the context of sharing economic resources. It is a constitutional body established under Article 280 to make recommendations on the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between the Union and States.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article argues that the principle of non-domination must trump the 'one person, one vote' principle in this case. Statement 2 is correct as the article explicitly suggests operationalizing non-domination via the Vajpayee formula. Statement 3 is incorrect as the article calls for a compact covering political power, economic resources, and cultural identity.

Explanation

The article states, 'The per capita income of Gujarat is six times that of Bihar.' This data point is used to underscore the growing economic disparities between states since liberalization, which is a key rationale for the economic dimension of the proposed federal compact.

Explanation

The article concludes that a new compact is not optional because India cannot allow a political fault line to coincide with existing geographic, linguistic, and economic cracks. The core objective is to preserve national unity amidst deep diversity by creating a fair, sustainable bargain across all dimensions of federal relations.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the suo motu contempt proceedings were initiated by the Bombay High Court against Advocate Nilesh C Ojha for statements made during a press conference.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The SC dismissed the appeals, allowing the HC to proceed with contempt. Statement 2 is incorrect: The SC affirmed the right to challenge judicial orders but stressed it must be done civilly. Statement 3 is correct: The judgment places particular emphasis on the conduct expected from lawyers as officers of the court.

Explanation

The article states the Supreme Court gave its ruling on April 20, 2026, dismissing the appeals. April 9, 2025, is when the Bombay HC issued the show cause notice, and October 16, 2025, is when the HC dismissed a recall plea.

Explanation

The core reasoning, as stated in the article, is that unfounded allegations possess an inherent tendency to erode public confidence in the judiciary. The Court balanced the need for accountability with the necessity of maintaining institutional credibility and the rule of law.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the live feeds from the solar-powered CCTV cameras were being sent to handlers linked to Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). This is the core foreign entity involved in the espionage operation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article describes the use of solar-powered CCTVs with integrated panels for continuous power. Statement 2 is incorrect; the objective was to monitor the movement of battalions, vehicles, and troop deployments, not individual officers. Statement 3 is correct, as social media was the primary platform for identifying and recruiting vulnerable youth.

Explanation

The article clearly states that 'In total, over 30 youth have been arrested for their alleged involvement in the two modules.' This is a key factual data point from the report.

Explanation

The article states that after the modules were busted, 'the Central government issued directions to all authorities in the country to conduct audits and checks of CCTV cameras installed around the premises of important installations.' This was the direct administrative step taken.

Explanation

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) is a flagship report published biannually by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It provides detailed analysis and forecasts of the global economy. The article explicitly mentions 'IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook'.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states India slipped to sixth place. Statement 2 is incorrect; the slip is due to GDP methodological changes and rupee depreciation, not a real growth contraction. Statement 3 is correct as the article projects India will overtake Germany to become the third-largest economy by 2031.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'For 2026, the IMF has estimated the Indian economy at $4.15 trillion'. $3.92 trillion was the previous year's figure. $4.27 trillion and $4.38 trillion are the estimated sizes of the UK and Japanese economies, respectively, acting as close distractors.

Explanation

The article concludes that the projected rise to 3rd place 'should not, however, draw away from the need to push forward aggressively on the domestic reform agenda, especially in the more politically contentious areas such as electricity and fertilisers.' This is identified as the key to realizing the long-term projection.

Explanation

Japan's postwar pacifist policy, which included strict arms export bans, is fundamentally derived from Article 9 of its Constitution that renounces war and the use of force. The new guideline represents a significant shift from this foundational principle.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the approval was by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's Cabinet. Statement 2 is correct as it explicitly mentions allowing exports of fighter jets, missiles, and destroyers. Statement 3 is incorrect because Japan has incrementally reinterpreted its pacifist stance in recent years (e.g., on collective self-defence); this is a major step but not the 'first-ever' move.

Explanation

The article clearly states the approval happened on 'Tuesday (April 21, 2026)'. This is a precise factual date that is a direct target for Prelims-style questions.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the country seeks 'to build up its arms industry and deepen cooperation with defense partners'. The other options are either extreme interpretations ('arms race', 'unilaterally amend') or secondary effects not mentioned as the primary objective.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that data on regular wages are available from the Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS) of the National Statistical Office (NSO). The Labour Bureau also collects wage data, but the PLFS is specifically an NSO survey.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states regular wages increased 4% in urban areas between 2004-05 and 2011-12. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article says rural male casual workers' earnings DECLINED by 3% per annum (2022-25). Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Economic Survey acknowledged this decline.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'Among these, 94 per cent report earning less than Rs 10,000 per month.' The other options are close distractors but the specific figure given is 94%.

Explanation

The article directly links low earnings to low demand in the economy, which in turn has impacted private investment. It states: 'The low earnings among the majority of workers are also responsible for the low demand in the economy, which has impacted private investment.'

Explanation

The article explicitly states the Strait of Hormuz is a 'narrow waterway between Iran and Oman'. This is a key geographical fact for understanding the strategic vulnerability.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; Fujairah is on the Gulf of Oman, not the Persian Gulf. Statement 3 is correct as IPSA is mentioned as being out of service since early 1990s and could link Iraq to Yanbu on the Red Sea.

Explanation

The article states 'through which about one-fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) flows'. This precise data point is crucial for assessing the strategic importance of the chokepoint.

Explanation

The article's core theme is that Iran's weaponization of the Strait has exposed vulnerability. The infrastructure scramble is aimed at 'reducing their dependence and vulnerability' and 'de-risking' economies by rerouting commerce away from this single chokepoint.

Explanation

Article 215 of the Constitution states that every High Court is a court of record and has the inherent power to punish for contempt of itself. Article 129 confers similar power on the Supreme Court.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The criminal contempt proceedings were initiated by the Bombay High Court, not the Supreme Court. The SC only dismissed the appeal against those proceedings. Statements 2 and 3 are directly mentioned as facts in the article.

Explanation

The article states: "Salian, the former manager of actor Sushant Singh Rajput, was found dead in June 2020." The other options are incorrect years.

Explanation

The SC bench stated that addressing a press conference and publicly voicing allegations against a sitting judge, thereby scandalizing the institution, was inconsistent with the discipline expected of an advocate. This was the core reason for upholding the contempt.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the findings are from the annual Global Electricity Review published by the global energy think tank Ember. The other organizations, while prominent in energy and climate analysis, are not the publishers of this specific report.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the report. Statement 2 is incorrect; the decline in India was due to a record increase in both solar and wind, combined with strong hydro and lower demand growth. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions it was the fifth time this century.

Explanation

The article clearly states 'India added almost 38 GW of new solar energy capacity in 2025.' 33 GW is the capacity added by the US, 48 GW is the total renewable capacity added, and 52 TWh is the decline in fossil power generation.

Explanation

The article mentions that 'due to a relatively tepid growth in electricity demand, thanks to good monsoon and a milder summer,' the increase from renewables more than covered the demand. The other factors are not mentioned as contributors for 2025.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the case was about the recruitment process adopted by the Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education (HPBOSE) for the post of computer hardware engineer.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Supreme Court held the exact opposite, stating that a higher degree does NOT render a candidate 'otherwise eligible' if essential criteria are unmet. Statement 2 is correct as per the article. Statement 3 is correct, as the Court advised circumspection and stated the appropriate course is to set aside the flawed selection.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the essential qualification as '"at least five years' work experience in computer manufacturing/maintenance'".

Explanation

The core ruling of the Court is that a preferential qualification (like a higher degree) cannot be used to substitute or compensate for a missing essential qualification (like mandatory experience). This prevents arbitrariness and upholds the rule of law in recruitment.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Punjab and Haryana High Court, with Justice Nidhi Gupta, delivered the judgment blocking the Meo tribe custom. This is a factual recall from the news.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the Court explicitly stated that the petitioner's attempt to frame the issue as Muslim Personal Law was misleading; the case was about Meo tribe customary law. Statement 2 is correct as per the Court's ruling quoted in the article. Statement 3 is correct as the Court held that Personal Law and Customary Law are two separate fields.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the Court stating, "Customary law is also 'law' as appears in Article 13 of The Constitution of India..." and that such discriminatory law cannot be enforced post-Constitution. This is the core legal basis mentioned.

Explanation

The core ruling of the judgment, as per the article, is that any customary law which discriminates between male and female legal heirs cannot be enforced by civil courts after the Constitution came into force. This directly subordinates discriminatory customs to the Constitution's guarantee of equality.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Tom Fletcher, the head of the UN's humanitarian agency, was speaking at Chatham House in London. Chatham House, also known as the Royal Institute of International Affairs, is a renowned independent policy institute based in the UK.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'My entire target for a hyper-prioritised plan to save 87 million lives is $23bn.' Statement 2 is incorrect. The World Bank projects India's GDP growth at 6.6% in FY27 due to the conflict, not 7.2%. The 7.2% was the projection in the absence of the conflict. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions 'food and fuel inflation inching closer to 20%'.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the World Bank's assessment: 'Growth is now projected at 6.6 percent in FY27, reflecting headwinds from the Middle East conflict...' The pre-conflict projection was 7.2%, and 7.0% is a close distractor.

Explanation

The article quotes the UN official stating that normalizing violent language 'gives more freedom to all the other wannabe autocrats round the world to use that sort of language and those sort of tactics, targeting civilian infrastructure and civilians in a way that completely breaches international law.' This describes the primary consequence of eroding normative constraints.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the study was conducted at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. IITM is a key institution under the Ministry of Earth Sciences focused on tropical meteorology and climate science.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the study projects uneven gains, with largest increases in Desert, Semi-Arid, Trans-Himalaya, Indo-Gangetic, and Deccan forests. Statement 2 is correct as per the article which states 'rainfall variability plays a stronger national-scale role than temperature'. Statement 3 is incorrect because the study utilized a second-generation Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), which explicitly simulates vegetation changes.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'average living forest carbon rises from 7.74 kilograms of carbon per square metre in the historical period'. The other options are projections for future scenarios under different emission pathways (10.24 for low, 13.67 for high).

Explanation

The study's finding underscores that water availability (rainfall) is a key limiting factor for forest health and carbon storage at the national level. This implies forest management and conservation strategies must be tailored to regional rainfall patterns and focus on enhancing water resilience, rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach based solely on temperature trends.

Explanation

The article directly mentions the Iran-Iraq War (1980-88) by referencing Ayatollah Khomeini's acceptance of a ceasefire with Iraq in 1988.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly mentions China's 1978 turn as an example. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article argues the opposite, that decline begins within the elite and is gradual. Statement 3 is correct as 'economic decay' is listed as the third pathway.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'China’s post-Mao turn under Deng Xiaoping in 1978 demonstrated how revolutionary regimes can reinvent themselves.'

Explanation

The article directly states: 'the underlying contradiction remains stark: Between a regime that defines itself through revolutionary defiance and a society that increasingly demands economic stability and political normalcy.'

Explanation

The article explicitly identifies Kaja Kallas as the 'European Union's (EU) foreign policy chief.' This position is formally known as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article states the loan was agreed upon 'in December' but does not specify the year 2025. Statement 2 is incorrect as the loan's path was cleared by Orban's electoral *defeat*, not victory. Statement 3 is correct as mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article provides the exact conversion, stating the 90 billion euro loan is equivalent to '$105.94 billion'. This is a precise data point often targeted in prelims.

Explanation

The article directly states: 'This month's electoral defeat of Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Ukraine's harshest EU foe, could pave the way for the loan.' Orban's opposition was the key hurdle.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways provided this information to the NGT. This ministry is the nodal agency for regulation of maritime zones, shipping, and ports in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the NGT took suo motu cognisance based on a report in The Hindu. Statement 2 is incorrect; the ship sank off the Kerala coast, not Tamil Nadu. Statement 3 is correct as Tamil Nadu seeks compensation for plastic nurdle (pellet) pollution. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions the figure as ₹1,041.8 crore. The other options are close distractors with transposed digits or minor variations, testing precise recall of numerical data.

Explanation

The article clearly states that Tamil Nadu seeks compensation for environmental damage caused by the accumulation of plastic nurdles along its coast. Nurdles are small plastic pellets used as raw material in plastic product manufacturing and are a significant source of microplastic pollution.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Article 370 was included in the Constitution on October 17, 1949, giving J&K 'special status' in the Union of India.' Article 35A was a derivative provision, not the primary article mentioned.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; it was India that took the issue to the UN. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states the plebiscite was never conducted because 'Pakistan never fully withdrew its fighters,' not because of India's refusal to reduce forces.

Explanation

The article's final sentence states: 'On August 5, 2019, the Centre scrapped Article 370.' October 17, 1949, is the date it was included, and April 21, 1948, is the date of UNSC Resolution 47.

Explanation

The article quotes Nehru's press statement from February 2, 1948, listing India's request to the UNSC: to ask Pakistan to prevent its personnel from assisting the invasion and to deny invaders use of its territory. The objective was to secure Pakistan's withdrawal, not initially to seek a plebiscite.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Atlas system was manufactured by the China Electronic Technology Group Corporation (CETC), established in 2002. It is a state-owned electronics and telecommunications conglomerate that works closely with the PLA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: a Swarm-2 vehicle carries 48 drones. Statement 2 is incorrect; the command vehicle controls up to 96 drones, not 150. Statement 3 is correct; the article emphasizes that Atlas's advantage is the cognitive intelligence allowing drones to 'think individually and as a unit'.

Explanation

The article clearly states that 'a single command vehicle can simultaneously control up to 96 drones in a swarm.' 48 is the launch capacity of one Swarm-2 vehicle. 103 refers to the US Perdix system, and 100-150 refers to China's Jiu Tian mothership.

Explanation

The article details that the Atlas system's algorithm-driven attacks and mobility could confuse and overwhelm air defences. Furthermore, its deployment from Tibet could target 'approach roads to India's forward-deployed posts', thereby isolating them and disrupting logistics along the LAC.

Explanation

As mentioned in the article, Kavach was developed by the Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO) under the Ministry of Railways. RDSO is the R&D wing of Indian Railways.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because Kavach 4.0 meets SIL-4, the highest global safety standard, not SIL-2. Statement 3 is correct as explicitly stated in the article regarding the National Logistics Policy goal.

Explanation

The article clearly states that Indian Railways has set an ambitious goal of becoming a net-zero carbon emitter by 2030. This is a key data point for prelims.

Explanation

The article explains that DFCs are 'cargo highways' to solve the zero-sum congestion problem. By moving freight to exclusive tracks, they free up capacity for passenger trains and increase freight speeds from 25 kmph to 75-100 kmph.

Explanation

As the name indicates, the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) is the state-owned road transport corporation of Maharashtra. Public transport corporations are typically under the control of their respective state governments.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the SC restored the Industrial Court's order granting ₹8.09 lakh as back wages. Statement 2 is incorrect because the SC set aside the Bombay HC order and restored the Industrial Court's order. Statement 3 is incorrect as the Court rejected the employer's plea based on estoppel and instead criticized the use of 'unequal bargaining power'.

Explanation

The Supreme Court, in its order, explicitly awarded ₹1 lakh as litigation costs to the employee (petitioner). This is a specific factual detail mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The Supreme Court held that the employer (MSRTC) used its dominant position to force an unfair condition on the employee during regularisation. It specifically stated that if this was not a use of 'unequal bargaining power,' then nothing would qualify as such.

Explanation

Article 340 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes. The Mandal Commission was established under this provision.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is correct: CBI uses 42 parameters vs. Mandal's 11. Statement 3 is incorrect: The article states SCs and STs are three times more backward, while BCs are 2.7 times more backward than General castes.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the CBI measured 242 caste groups (133 BCs, 59 SCs, 32 STs, and 18 General).

Explanation

The article concludes that the CBI framework advocates moving to a social justice paradigm of 'share proportional to backwardness', using data to target resources precisely rather than distributing them equally among all marginalized groups based on population size.

Explanation

The article explicitly states NIIST is a premier interdisciplinary research laboratory under the aegis of the CSIR, Government of India. CSIR is India's largest R&D organization.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The article clearly states food-processing technology, NOT genetic modification, was applied. Statement 2 is correct: Scientists state the GI is below 55. Statement 3 is correct: It uses broken rice, a milling byproduct, as highlighted by Dr. Sudip Karmakar.

Explanation

The article provides a direct comparison: normal rice has 6-8% protein, while the designer version boasts over 20% protein. This is a key data point highlighting the nutritional breakthrough.

Explanation

The article states scientists see this as a solution to tackle 'Hidden hunger.' It is designed to bridge nutritional gaps (protein, iron, vitamins) prevalent in India, addressing malnutrition and anaemia, not directly focusing on exports, water, or pest resistance.

Explanation

The Supreme Court held that the illegal detention of the declared juvenile in an adult jail resulted in a 'serious infraction' of his right to life and personal liberty, guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court emphasized that the JJ Act advances this constitutional guarantee.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the SC awarded ₹5 lakh compensation, recognizing the violation as a constitutional tort. Statement 2 is incorrect; the SC categorically rejected the HC's view, clarifying that trying a juvenile as an adult requires a two-stage statutory process under Sections 15 and 19 of the JJ Act. Statement 3 is correct as the SC directed systemic reforms including an SOP for transfer.

Explanation

According to the article, the Supreme Court discovered that the juvenile had spent over two years and five months in adult incarceration when the matter reached it in October 2025. The Court described this period as around 2.5 years of illegal detention.

Explanation

The Supreme Court found the bail denials by the JJB, appellate court, and High Court legally untenable because they cited the 'heinous' nature of the offence. The SC held that the statutory framework of the JJ Act mandates a reformative, not punitive, approach once a child is declared to be in conflict with the law.

Explanation

The Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which is an office under the Ministry of Home Affairs. This is a key static GK fact for governance.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions Houselisting Operations (HLO) as the first phase. Statement 2 is incorrect; the last census was in 2011, and the 2021 census was delayed. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly mentions government school teachers like Lalit Lal Verma being deployed as enumerators.

Explanation

The article explicitly states in its concluding line: "he has been allotted 193 houses to enumerate within one month." This is a specific data point from the ground report.

Explanation

As described in the article, Houselisting Operations (HLO) involve "listing all buildings and households to ensure accurate population data and planning." It is a preparatory phase before the actual population enumeration.

Explanation

Article 26 of the Indian Constitution deals with the freedom to manage religious affairs. Specifically, clause (b) grants every religious denomination the right to manage its own affairs in matters of religion, subject to public order, morality, and health.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article mentions it is a 9-judge bench, not a 7-judge bench. Statement 2 is correct as per the article's description of Article 25(2). Statement 3 is correct as the article states the Centre's stand was that it might lead to some denominations refusing entry to Dalits.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the bench was hearing pleas seeking a review of the Supreme Court's 'September 28, 2018 judgment'. Therefore, the original judgment was delivered in 2018.

Explanation

The article states that Justice Aravind Kumar expressed fears that stretching the Article 26 argument could mean groups like Shaivaites and Vaishnavaites could exclude each other, and this may lead to 'civil war'. This directly points to the concern about social conflict arising from exclusion.

Explanation

As per the article, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). CERT-In, another agency mentioned, operates under MeitY.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: IFSO is authorized for cases of ₹50 lakh and above since Dec 3, 2025. Statement 2 is correct: The cybercrime helpline is 1930. Statement 3 is correct: IFSO was earlier called CyPAD before being renamed by then Commissioner Rakesh Asthana.

Explanation

The article states that in 2025, the overall defrauded amount rose to nearly Rs 1,200 crore. The other figures are close distractors based on the growth trend from ₹6 crore in 2015.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that S4C personnel will work with banks to freeze accounts and prevent further transfers, aiming to increase the current 30% recovery rate. It is a coordination centre, not a replacement for other units, and its scope is state-level, not national or exclusive.