22 April 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The article states that the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) initially awarded Rs 8.73 lakh. MACTs are specialized tribunals under the Motor Vehicles Act for handling accident compensation claims.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Court refused to accept unrealistically low government-notified rates. Statement 3 is correct; the Court used these assumptions to create a structured formula. Hence, both 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Supreme Court awarded Rs 3 lakh per prosthetic limb. Rs 5 lakh was allocated separately for long-term maintenance, not per limb.

Explanation

The Court stated this mandate was to fix the recurring problem of lack of reliable cost data, so tribunals can make informed decisions instead of rough estimates. This aims to standardize and rationalize the compensation process.

Explanation

Article 142 of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court the unique power to pass any decree or order necessary for doing 'complete justice' in any cause or matter pending before it. The article explicitly mentions this was the power invoked by the Court in this suo motu case.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the judgment expanded Article 21 to include a safe road environment. Statement 2 is incorrect; the mandated interval for truck lay-bys is every 75 km, not 50 km. Statement 3 is correct as the Court specifically directed the use of ATMS for tracking and e-Challan integration.

Explanation

The article states: 'National Highways constitute approximately 2% of India’s total road length but account for nearly 30% of all road fatalities.' This stark statistic highlights the disproportionate danger on high-speed corridors.

Explanation

The Supreme Court took 'suo motu cognisance' of the issue following the two major accidents in November 2025. This means the Court initiated the case on its own motion, without a formal petition being filed by any aggrieved party, based on the gravity of the incidents reported.

Explanation

Article 25 of the Constitution deals with the freedom of religion. Specifically, clause (2)(b) provides that the State can make laws for 'social welfare and reform'. This is the provision under discussion in the Sabarimala hearing regarding state intervention.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article discusses the Court's hearing on whether a general rule can be set for state intervention under Article 25(2)(b). Statement 2 is incorrect because the CJI explicitly said it was 'difficult if not impossible' for courts to decide what is an essential religious practice. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the apex court is also seized of a writ petition against excommunication in the Dawoodi Bohra community.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Chief Justice Surya Kant is presiding over a 'nine-judge bench' for the Sabarimala reference hearing. This is a key factual detail about the composition of the constitutional bench.

Explanation

The article quotes the CJI saying 'it will always depend upon case to case' whether state intervention falls under Article 25(2)(b) or infringes on religious practice. The Court emphasized a fact-specific approach over a universal rule, which is the core of its current stance.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that "A push towards Compressed Biogas (CBG) will ensure energy security, environmental sustainability, and rural economic growth." This is the primary alternative fuel solution discussed.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions "domestic gas production meets barely half of the requirement." Statement 2 is correct as it states "energy demand is expected to triple by 2047." Statement 3 is incorrect; the article says crude oil import dependence has reached a "staggering 88.6%," not decreased below 80%.

Explanation

The article provides the specific data point: "LNG imports are projected to hit 28 million metric tonnes (MMT)-29 MMT this year." The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The article directly links energy insecurity to a strategic risk for India's economic ambitions, stating: "For a country aiming to sustain high economic growth and emerge as a global manufacturing hub, energy insecurity is not just an inconvenience; it is a strategic risk." While other options may be indirect consequences, this is the core risk highlighted.

Explanation

The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense. It is located in Arlington, Virginia, and its name is often used as a metonym for the Department of Defense and its leadership.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the Pentagon wants to triple spending on drones. Statement 2 is incorrect; the proposed investment for munitions is over $30 billion, not $40 billion. Statement 3 is correct as low stockpiles during the Iran war are cited as a key reason for the budget boost.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Pentagon wants to "invest over $30 billion into more critical munitions, including missile interceptors." The other options are close but incorrect numerical distractors.

Explanation

The decision to triple drone spending signals a strategic pivot towards warfare dominated by unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Drones represent a key tool in asymmetric warfare, offering persistent surveillance and strike options with reduced risk to personnel, a trend evident in recent conflicts.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Insurance Amendment Bill, 2025 seeks to enhance regulatory agility by empowering IRDAI with greater operational flexibility. IRDAI is the statutory regulator for the insurance sector in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the bill empowers IRDAI, not RBI. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the MGA model is well established in developed markets in Europe and Asia.

Explanation

The article specifically refers to the Insurance Amendment Bill, 2025 with the tagline 'Sabka Bima, Sabki Raksha Act'. This is a factual detail from the news content.

Explanation

The article states that MGAs can leverage localised language capabilities and community-level engagement to expand outreach in Tier 2 and 3 cities and rural markets where insurance adoption remains limited. This is their primary intended benefit.

Explanation

The Supreme Court specifically directed the Department of Women and Child Development, Government of NCT of Delhi, to assess the child's condition regarding education, nutrition, health, and living standards. This department is responsible for child protection and welfare schemes.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Court held that the presumption under Section 112 is rebuttable by conclusive scientific evidence like a DNA test. Statement 2 is correct as per the core ruling. Statement 3 is correct as the Court directed the Department of Women and Child Development to intervene for the child's welfare.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the woman sought a monthly sum of Rs 25,000 as interim maintenance for the upkeep of their child and herself. The other figures are plausible distractors but not mentioned.

Explanation

The core legal principle established is that when a DNA test (scientific proof) accepted by both parties conclusively disproves paternity, it overrides the legal presumption of legitimacy under Section 112 of the Indian Evidence Act. The Court did not mandate DNA tests in all cases, nor did it change rules for children born out of wedlock or transfer jurisdiction.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that an independent expert committee was constituted by the Government of Telangana, which developed the Composite Backwardness Index (CBI).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the CBI uses 42 parameters versus the Mandal Commission's 11. Statement 2 is incorrect; SCs and STs are three times (not 2.7 times) more backward, while BCs are 2.7 times more backward. Statement 3 is correct as the article identifies access to English and private education as the biggest determinant.

Explanation

The article states that in terms of population, 99% of STs are more backward than the state average. The other percentages correspond to other groups: 97% for SCs and 71% for BCs.

Explanation

The article concludes that the CBI framework supports moving to a social justice paradigm of 'share proportional to backwardness'. It uses the analogy of moving from a 'social justice well' (resources for all alike) to a 'social justice tap' (targeted delivery), implying a shift from population-based to backwardness-proportional allocation.

Explanation

The article's byline explicitly states 'The writer is former finance minister, Jammu and Kashmir'. This is a direct factual extraction from the provided content.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; Operation Sindoor marked a shift allowing retaliation WITHOUT the need to definitively establish Pakistan's direct state complicity. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Tulip Festival footfall dropped sharply. Hence, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'Even the Tulip Festival saw footfalls drop sharply this year, from over eight lakh visitors to barely a third of its peak.' This is the exact data point provided.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Operation Sindoor 'marked a significant doctrinal shift...: Major attacks on Indian soil would now trigger calibrated conventional retaliation without the need to definitively establish Pakistan’s direct state complicity.' This is the core policy shift described.

Explanation

The article states that 'All tiger reserves are mandated to do that by the NTCA'. NTCA stands for the National Tiger Conservation Authority, a statutory body under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article says 'There have been no reported conflict deaths in the core zone... from where entire villages have been voluntarily relocated'. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article states revenue is 'redistributed locally'. Statement 3 is correct: The article mentions '400 locals as safari guides'. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'A significant proportion of the ticket revenues of Rs 40 crore a year is redistributed locally'. The other options are close but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article credits the stability to the Forest Department's efforts to ensure 'locals have a solid stake in forests and tourism', achieved through decentralised revenue use, direct employment (like 400 guides), and support for forest produce. This creates a community incentive for conservation.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is bounded by Iran to the north and the Musandam Peninsula of Oman to the south.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the attack was carried out by Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard (IRGC), not the regular Navy. Statement 2 is incorrect as the UKMTO reported 'no environmental impact'. Statement 3 is correct as the article states the attack happened on 22 April 2026, the day the ceasefire was due to expire before the U.S. extended it.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the attack occurred on 'Wednesday (April 22, 2026)'. The U.S. ceasefire extension was also announced for the same date.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz's primary geopolitical and economic importance stems from its role as the world's most important oil transit chokepoint. A significant portion of globally traded oil passes through it, making stability there vital for global energy security, which is why attacks there escalate tensions.

Explanation

As per the article, Natural Justice rests on two anchors: 1) Nemo Judex In Causa Sua and 2) Audi Alteram Partem. This is a core static Polity concept frequently tested.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as there are no formal rules or constitutional provisions for recusal. Statement 2 is correct as mentioned in the article. Statement 3 is incorrect; the 1999 Restatement is a code of ethics, not a statutory mandate.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that BNSS Section 482 (earlier CrPC 438) empowers only the Sessions Court and High Court to grant anticipatory bail. This is a precise data point from the news.

Explanation

The core of recusal, as explained in the article, is to ensure due process and fairness by preventing any conflict of interest or bias, real or perceived, aligning with the principle 'Nemo Judex In Causa Sua'.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions putting in additional 'CRPF detachments' closer to vulnerable areas as part of the enhanced security measures. The CRPF is a central armed police force under the Ministry of Home Affairs, extensively deployed for internal security duties in J&K.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; TOBs allow operations for 72-96 hours, not 48-72 hours. Statement 3 is correct as the article states procurement of counter-drone systems is a key lesson drawn from Operation Sindoor. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article specifies that Temporary Operating Bases are set up where troops can operate for a fixed period of '72-96 hours'. The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors based on common military operation timeframes.

Explanation

As per the article, 'Seek and Destroy' missions involve troops combing through areas, seeking encounters with terrorists, and searching for and destroying their hideouts. The objective is to deny terrorists suitable places to hide, thereby dominating the area and forcing them into the open.

Explanation

As stated in the article, the Central pool is maintained by the government to distribute food grain under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013. The NFSA is the legal framework for India's food security programs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Procurement is 114.29 LMT against a target of 303 LMT, which is approximately 38%. Statement 2 is incorrect: While MP's procurement is lower, the article states Punjab was the highest contributor last year (119.19 LMT vs MP's 77.74 LMT). Statement 3 is correct: The article explicitly states the buffer requirement on July 1 is set at 275 LMT.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "the procurement of 114.29 lakh metric tonnes of wheat has been reported... as of April 20." Option B is last year's corresponding procurement, C is MP's procurement last year, and D is the annual target.

Explanation

The article connects the procurement shortfall to the buffer stock norms required under the National Food Security Act. It specifies norms of 74.6 LMT (April 1) and 275 LMT (July 1). The procurement slump directly threatens the ability to meet these stock requirements for food distribution.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the report was released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions threats to 'more than a billion people'. Statement 2 is incorrect because the report was published by FAO and WMO, not WHO and UNEP. Statement 3 is correct as the article states heatwaves are damaging these components of agrifood systems.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the threat is to 'the livelihoods and health of more than a billion people'. The other options are plausible distractors but not the specific figure mentioned.

Explanation

The report's core finding, as stated in the article, is that 'higher temperatures are shrinking the safety margin that plants, animals and humans rely on to function.' The other options describe impacts not mentioned in the provided text.

Explanation

The NIA was created as a federal agency by the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008, in the wake of the 2008 Mumbai attacks. While it extensively uses the UAPA for prosecution, its foundational statute is the separate NIA Act, 2008.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the sentence was rigorous imprisonment (RI) and the fine was Rs. 5,000, not Rs. 10,000. Statement 3 is correct as explicitly mentioned by the court. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states that Arafath Ali was sentenced to six years of rigorous imprisonment. The other options are plausible distractors for different terror-related sentences.

Explanation

The NIA probe found that an online ISIS handler provided funds to the accused 'in cryptocurrency to crypto wallets' to further the module's activities. This highlights the modern challenge of digital terror financing, making it a significant point for exams focusing on internal security.

Explanation

As per the article, the draft regulations named 'CERC (Power Market) (Second Amendment) Regulations, 2026' have been issued by India's top electricity regulator, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as market coupling matches bids to discover a uniform price. Statement 2 is correct as the draft regulation proposes Grid India as the MCO. Statement 3 is incorrect because the article states IEX has been opposing market coupling, fearing it would reduce its competitive advantage.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the total volume of short-term transactions of electricity increased to 238.35 BU in 2024-25. 65.90 BU was the volume in 2009-10, and Rs 173.14 crore is the amount SEBI impounded in the insider trading case.

Explanation

As explained in the article, the new framework aims to change the decentralized system where each exchange sets its own price, resulting in variations. Market coupling aggregates bids to discover a uniform price, leading to more efficient price discovery, reduced disparities, and increased market stability.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the 'Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has revised guidelines for recurring e-mandate transactions' and refers to the 'central bank’s Digital Payments – E-mandate Framework, 2026'. RBI is the apex body regulating payment and settlement systems in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'allowing payments of up to Rs 15,000 per transaction without additional factor of authentication (AFA).' Statement 2 is incorrect; the special higher limit for insurance premiums is Rs 1 lakh, not Rs 2 lakh. Statement 3 is correct: 'Any modification or withdrawal of an existing e-mandate will require AFA validation.'

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'Issuers are mandated to send pre-transaction notifications at least 24 hours before a debit...' The other options (12, 48, 72 hours) are distractors. This is a specific data point examiners can target.

Explanation

The framework raises AFA exemption limits (enhancing convenience for smaller transactions) while mandating AFA for first transactions and modifications (maintaining security). It also introduces mandatory notifications and dispute resolution. The other options are incorrect: there is no mention of transaction taxes (A), reducing bank workload is not the primary goal (B), and promoting cash use contradicts digital payment initiatives (D).

Explanation

The article states the agreements were signed during a bilateral meeting between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and his German counterpart. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the nodal ministry for all defence cooperation and agreements.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article mentions India is closer to finalizing the 'Project-75(I)' deal, not 'Project-75' – the '(I)' is a crucial suffix. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states military cooperation is a key pillar of the 'Strategic Partnership', not a 'Comprehensive Strategic Partnership'.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'India and Germany... are commemorating 75 years of diplomatic relations in 2026.' This is a direct factual recall question.

Explanation

The article highlights that the ministers discussed 'priority areas for co-development and co-production of defence equipment, especially in the field of niche technologies.' The Roadmap is an instrument to institutionalize this shift from a buyer-seller relationship to a collaborative partnership, aligning with India's self-reliance goals.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the protected status of the public utility land falls under Section 132 of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950. The case pertained to land in Uttar Pradesh.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Court categorically held that the Sub-Divisional Officer lacked jurisdiction; only the State Government can alter land classification. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Court ruled that statutory prohibitions (like Section 132) CANNOT be defeated by indirect methods like administrative re-categorization. Statement 3 is correct: As per the article, the land was originally 'Category-6' under the UP Land Records Manual.

Explanation

The article states that the case traces back to April 1992, when revenue officials recommended the reclassification. The Sub-Divisional Officer approved it on October 31, 1992, and pattas were granted thereafter.

Explanation

"Void ab initio" is a legal term meaning 'void from the outset' or 'invalid from the beginning'. The Supreme Court used this term because the pattas were granted based on an invalid reclassification, meaning they never legally existed. This is stronger than a cancellation, which implies something was once valid.

Explanation

The NIA was established by the NIA Act of 2008. As per the article, the Malegaon blasts case was among probes handed to the NIA in 2011, making it the final prosecuting agency after the ATS and CBI.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The ATS took over the probe in October 2006. Statement 2 is incorrect: The NIA found the nine men were not involved and backed their discharge. Statement 3 is correct: The Bombay High Court allowed the appeal of the four men to quash charges in April 2026.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the explosions killed 31 people and injured 312. This is a direct factual recall from the news content.

Explanation

The article states the High Court granted bail in 2019, saying there were no witnesses who had seen them planting the bombs or purchasing the bicycles. This highlights the evidentiary weakness in the NIA's case.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the petition was sought under the provisions of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, and the court referred to Section 3 of this Act. The other acts, while related to social justice, are not the primary legal basis for the termination permission in this specific news.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the court allowed termination due to risks to the petitioner's health and the medical report on foetal problems. Statement 2 is incorrect because the FIR was registered under the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, not the IPC. Statement 3 is correct as the court directed preservation of the foetal DNA sample. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states the medical board reported the survivor was '23 weeks and 3 days pregnant as of April 17'. The other options are close distractors but do not match the specific data point provided in the news content.

Explanation

The article states Advocate S S Baghel, for the state, submitted that denying termination 'would cause grave injury to her mental and physical health, as she herself is mentally ill'. The other options, such as a confession or confirmed severe abnormalities, are not mentioned in the provided content.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the operations were carried out by the country's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard (IRGC). While the Quds Force is a unit within the IRGC, the broader IRGC is the correct answer as per the news report.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's description of the Strait of Hormuz. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states Brent crude was trading **above** $98 per barrel, reflecting a sharp increase, not a drop below $90. Statement 3 is correct as mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article specifically states: 'roughly one-fifth of global oil and gas supplies passing through it during peacetime.' This is a key data point for understanding the strait's strategic significance.

Explanation

The article directly links disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz to rising energy prices, mentioning Brent crude trading above $98. While renewable energy adoption is a long-term trend, the immediate and primary implication discussed is the risk to energy security and market volatility.

Explanation

As per the article, India's Look East policy, which spurred momentum in ties with South Korea, was launched in the early 1990s. This policy marked a strategic shift in India's foreign policy focus towards Southeast Asia.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states they agreed to resume CEPA upgrade talks. Statement 2 is incorrect; the DVP is to invite Korean lawmakers to India, not vice-versa. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the goal to reach $50 billion in trade by 2030.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that diplomatic ties between India and South Korea were established in 1973. This was delayed due to ideological differences during the Cold War era.

Explanation

The article states that Korean counterparts criticise India for strict regulations and a weak intellectual property rights (IPR) regime. This is highlighted as a persistent issue that India needs to address to boost investor confidence.

Explanation

The Five Eyes alliance is a signals intelligence (SIGINT) partnership. While its work supports broader security goals like counter-terrorism, its core foundation and historical purpose is the sharing of intercepted communications and electronic surveillance data among the five member nations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article states GPT-5.4-Cyber is initially being rolled out on a 'limited basis to vetted security vendors, organizations and researchers', not to all firms globally. Statement 2 is correct as per the report. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions Anthropic's 'Project Glasswing' initiative with major technology companies.

Explanation

The article explicitly lists the Five Eyes members as the US, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Japan, while a key ally of the US, is not part of this specific intelligence-sharing pact. It is a common distractor in questions about international alliances.

Explanation

The article states that cybersecurity is a key battleground because AI models 'can both pose security risks and offer cyber defense capabilities, sparking interest from governments.' This dual-use potential, where the same technology can be a threat and a tool, is the core driver of government engagement, not mere automation or creative applications.

Explanation

The judgment specifically interprets and applies Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908, which deals with the rejection of plaints. The CPC is the primary legislation governing the procedure for civil suits in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the Court ruled the defect is curable and an opportunity must be granted. Statement 2 is incorrect; the appeal was against the Madras High Court, not Karnataka. Statement 3 is correct as the Court faulted the High Court for conducting a 'mini-trial' by examining the merits prematurely.

Explanation

The article states that the case stems from a complex commercial transaction 'structuring a transaction valued at approximately Rs 105 crore.' The suit was for the alleged unpaid portion of ₹53 crore from this larger transaction.

Explanation

The core objective, as stated in the ruling, is to uphold the 'statutory safeguard' built into the law. It ensures that a technical lapse like undervaluation, which is curable, does not defeat the right to a full trial where a substantive cause of action exists, thereby protecting access to justice.

Explanation

As per the article, the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) has directed the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) to undertake the study. WII is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, focusing on wildlife research and training.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states, "2025 was the first year this century when fossil generation fell in both countries." Statement 2 is correct as the report attributes India's decline to "a record increase in both solar and wind generation... and lower-than-average demand growth." Statement 3 is incorrect because the article mentions that 2026 could be different due to a predicted below-normal monsoon, which may increase demand for fossil fuel power.

Explanation

The article clearly states, "Launched in 2021 with a Rs 76,000-crore outlay, the India Semiconductor Mission..." Option A is the investment for the specific 3D chip plant. Option C is the total investment drawn by approved projects. Option D is the speculated outlay for a potential ISM 2.0.

Explanation

The article links the amendment to the IT Rules, 2021, and states that the government's rationale, as per an explanatory note, is "To curb the spread of misinformation, damage reputation, manipulate and influence elections or commit financial fraud." This directly addresses the risks posed by synthetically generated information like deepfakes.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Supreme Court directed senior officials from the 'Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities at the Centre' to participate. This department is the nodal agency for policies related to persons with disabilities.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's fresh directions. Statement 2 is incorrect; the High-Powered Committee was constituted in Suhas Chakma v. Union of India (February 26), not the L Muruganantham case. Statement 3 is correct as the Court explicitly linked the rights to Articles 14 and 21.

Explanation

The article states in the 'Partial compliance' section that 'only 12 states and Union territories had filed compliance affidavits' when the matter was taken up on April 8. This highlights the uneven implementation that prompted stricter oversight.

Explanation

The article clearly states the Court's reasoning: the committee would provide a 'structured, continuous, and expert-driven' mechanism to assess compliance and ensure uniformity, bridging the gap between judicial directions and on-ground implementation. The other options are not supported by the text.