2 September 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The article explicitly states the report was issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The IPCC provides scientific assessments, the UNFCCC is the treaty framework, and the WMO focuses on weather and climate. This is a direct static linkage question from the news.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the report says the 1.5°C threshold will be crossed 'in the next few years'. Statement 2 is incorrect because the 'overshoot' strategy does not aim to prevent warming entirely; it acknowledges that warming will exceed the limit and focuses on managing the peak and cooling back down. Statement 3 is correct as the report explicitly warns of tipping points including the loss of the Amazon rainforest and the West Antarctic ice sheet.

Explanation

The article states that 'the most optimistic scenario has warming peaking at 1.8 degrees (3.2 degrees Fahrenheit) around mid-century if countries pursue ambitious climate goals'. 2.6°C is the projection for current policies by 2100, not the optimistic peak.

Explanation

The article explains the new strategy is to 'prepare for and navigate a future' where the globe crosses the 1.5°C limit (overshoot), limits the peak, and then cools down. This represents a significant shift from a pure prevention strategy to one of managing a temporary exceedance and then returning to the target.

Explanation

Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. Parliament gave effect to this article through the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955, which was later renamed the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the Constitution does not define 'untouchability'. Statement 2 is correct as per the SC's ruling in Sukanya Shantha (2024). Statement 3 is correct - the Act was originally the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955, and was renamed in 1976.

Explanation

Section 7(1)(d) of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 punishes a person who insults or attempts to insult, on the ground of 'untouchability', a member of a Scheduled Caste. Section 3(1)(r) belongs to the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

Explanation

As per the Supreme Court's reasoning in Sukanya Shantha (2024), Article 17 targets caste-based ideas of purity and pollution. The key question is whether the purification was linked to caste-based notions attached to the person's touch or presence, not merely whether it caused offence.

Explanation

The article references the Union Ministry of Power's estimates on AI demand and Central Electricity Authority (CEA) data on renewable curtailment. The Ministry of Power oversees electricity generation, transmission, and distribution in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: capacity tripled from 520 MW to 1.5 GW. Statement 2 is incorrect: Maharashtra originally required 100% renewable energy but reduced it to 51% in June 2026. Statement 3 is correct: the Cambridge study found a 2°C average rise within 10 km.

Explanation

The article states that water consumption was 150 billion litres in 2024-25 and is projected to more than double to 358 billion litres annually by 2030. The other options are distractors.

Explanation

The article discusses multiple environmental impacts: water consumption in stressed regions (groundwater depletion), heat generation raising local temperatures (urban heat island), and the likelihood of coal power use due to transmission constraints (increased emissions). All are highlighted as concerns.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the task force is headed by former UIDAI chairman Nandan Nilekani. The other options are members of the committee, not the chairman.

Explanation

Statements 1 and 2 are correct as per the article. Statement 3 is incorrect because the task force invited suggestions from the public as well as domain experts, not only from domain experts.

Explanation

The article mentions that the task force has invited suggestions till September 13. September 7 is the date of the webinar, not the deadline. The other dates are distractors.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the task force will recommend steps to make the examination system leak-proof and technology-driven. The other objectives are not part of its mandate as per the news.

Explanation

The article explicitly states it is a 'new UNEP report' by the UN Environment Programme. IPCC is a different body that assesses climate science, but this report is from UNEP.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: 2024 average was 1.55°C above pre-industrial (breach). Statement 2 is incorrect: the report says CDR must be used in addition to, not instead of, emission cuts, and even optimistic scaling is unlikely to lower temperatures more than a few tenths of a degree. Statement 3 is correct: the Paris Agreement's temperature goal is well below 2°C and striving for 1.5°C.

Explanation

The article states: 'in the best case scenarios the temperature rise is expected to go up to at least 1.8 degree Celsius before declining.' The other options are distractors: 1.5°C is the target, 2.0°C is another threshold, 2.8°C is the current action path mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The report says 'CDR will be needed in addition to, not instead of, sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.' It also states that the return pathway depends heavily on CDR success. Options A and C are not the primary focus; D is not mentioned.

Explanation

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is the nodal ministry for all matters related to exploration, production, refining, and import of crude oil and petroleum products in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: total imports fell 8.4% from July. Statement 2 is correct: Russia's share dropped to 45% from 55.9%. Statement 3 is incorrect: the article mentions 'maintenance shutdowns at a few Indian refineries' contributed to lower crude intake.

Explanation

The article states: 'India imported 2.08 million bpd of Russian oil in August, down 26.3% from July's record levels of 2.82 million bpd.' The headline 26% is a rounded figure, but the precise data is 26.3%.

Explanation

The article explains that after the US captured Venezuela's president and Washington took control of the oil sector, commodity traders were authorised to sell Venezuelan oil globally, which had been under sanctions. This enabled India to resume imports.

Explanation

Article 142 of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court plenary power to pass any decree or order necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it. Article 32 deals with writ jurisdiction, Article 136 with special leave appeal, and Article 226 with High Court writs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Article 142 empowers SC to do complete justice. Statement 2 is incorrect because Article 142 cannot override specific statutory provisions; it is subject to existing laws. Statement 3 is incorrect because the power, though wide, has inherent limitations and must not be used arbitrarily.

Explanation

The article states that a three-judge bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant exercised the power under Article 142. The other options are former CJIs not associated with this verdict.

Explanation

Article 142 is specifically designed to allow the Supreme Court to pass any order necessary for doing complete justice in any case before it. Option A relates to the doctrine of stare decisis, C relates to Article 136, and D relates to Article 32.

Explanation

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the special USD-INR forex swap facility on June 8, 2026, as per the article. The RBI is the central bank responsible for monetary policy and forex management in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: total mobilised was $136,377 million, with FCNR (B) at $127,226 million. Statement 2 is correct: the FCNR (B) scheme was advanced to close on Aug 31, 2026 from Sept 30. Statement 3 is incorrect: ECBs and OFCBs schemes remain open till December 31, 2026.

Explanation

The article states that a total of $1,36,377 million was mobilised. Option A is the FCNR (B) portion, C is OFCBs, and D is ECBs. The total is the sum of all three components.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the facility was introduced 'to deal with forex outflows due to high oil prices and flight of capital owing to exit of Foreign Portfolio Investors (FOIs) from the stock market.' The objective was to stabilise the rupee and boost reserves.

Explanation

As per the Advocates Act, 1961, the Attorney General and Solicitor General are ex-officio members of the Bar Council of India. This is mentioned in the article where the court noted that the AG is as much a member as the chairperson.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the court clarified that Mishra is only a pro-tem chairperson, not permanent. Statements 2 and 3 are directly from the article: the court directed AG/SG oversight and ordered High Courts to co-opt two women members to State Bar Councils within a fortnight.

Explanation

The article mentions that Rule 12(2) of the BCI Rules prescribes a maximum tenure of two years for the chairperson. However, a gazette notification of April 21, 2025 extended the tenure to five years, which the court is scrutinizing. The trap is to confuse the rule with the notification.

Explanation

The court explicitly stated that it intervened to 'maintain the institutional integrity and credibility' of the BCI until elections. While the other options are related (e.g., limiting chairperson's authority is a means), the primary objective is safeguarding the institution's credibility.

Explanation

The Indian Navy is under the Ministry of Defence. INS Nipun was built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited, a defence public sector undertaking, overseen by the Ministry of Defence.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the summit was in Bishkek. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article states 10 members (including Belarus). Statement 3 is correct as PM Modi said exactly that. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article mentions GDP growth of 7.8% in the first quarter, which exceeded the median forecast of 6.8% and the RBI's revised projection of 7%.

Explanation

The article states that DSVs support complex underwater operations including deep-sea diving, underwater intervention, and submarine rescue capabilities. INS Nipun is specifically designed for these missions.

Explanation

The article states that NITI Aayog conducted a stakeholder consultation with around 150 participants from 60 organisations. Abhay Karandikar, member NITI Aayog, spoke during the event. Other options are involved but not the primary organizer of the consultation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Private players sought green energy status to access green bonds, loans, and blended finance. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article explicitly says the MoF framework does NOT include nuclear energy, and industry participants suggested review. Statement 3 is correct: Ghanshyam Prasad stressed reducing gestation period, developing thorium-based technologies, and standardisation.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'India opened the tightly regulated civil nuclear sector last year for private participation and targets 100 gigawatt-electric (GWe) nuclear power by 2047.' The other options are plausible distractors but not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article's opening sentence says: 'Private players are seeking green energy status for nuclear power to enable access to green bonds, green loans and blended financing for nuclear projects.' The other options are not mentioned or are incorrect. Access to green finance is the key driver.

Explanation

The article specifies that the researchers were part of the ICMR's antimicrobial resistance surveillance network. The study was conducted by ICMR across 20 tertiary-care hospitals. WHO, NCDC, or Ministry were not directly involved in this study.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article mentions relative risk of death 1.16-1.43 across the four bacteria. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article explicitly says AMR is a complex interaction of antibiotic pressure, infection control, transmission, and diagnostics, not just overuse. Statement 3 is correct: >85% of bloodstream infections were healthcare-associated. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'mortality among bloodstream infections ranged from about 39% in resistant E. coli to 51% in resistant A. baumannii.' Therefore, 51% is the correct figure for A. baumannii. The other options are distractors: 39% is for E. coli, 45% and 57% are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article concludes with the message: 'AMR cannot be solved by discovering another antibiotic every time an old one fails. We have to prevent infections, diagnose them early and preserve the antibiotics we still have.' This highlights the need for a multi-pronged approach beyond just drug discovery.

Explanation

The article states that the SCO consists of 10 member countries: India, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus. Afghanistan and Mongolia are observer states, not members. Hence option B is correct.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The declaration clearly states that double standards in the fight against terrorism are unacceptable. Statement 2 is incorrect: The declaration condemns military strikes on Iran, not supports them. Statement 3 is incorrect: The declaration explicitly says the SCO is not a military-political bloc. Hence only statement 1 is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the summit theme was '25 Years of the SCO: Together for Sustainable Peace, Development and Prosperity'. This theme marked the 25th anniversary of the organization's founding. The other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article notes that the declaration condemns military strikes on Iran, which is important because India has strong ties with Israel. The criticism of the US and Israel is not the norm for Delhi, creating a diplomatic challenge. Option B captures this tension, while other options are not directly supported by the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions 'the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) 125-basis point cumulative interest rate cuts through 2025'. Monetary policy in India is conducted by the RBI, which sets the repo rate and other policy rates.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: growth was 7.8% against the 6-7% perception. Statement 2 is correct: manufacturing grew 9.2%, a three-quarter high. Statement 3 is incorrect because the article warns that 'the global economy is stuttering' and combined with AI growth, it 'could hurt demand for Indian services exports'.

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'real growth in the April-June 2026 quarter came in at a robust 7.8%'. Option D (9.2%) is the manufacturing sector growth, not overall GDP. Options A and B are close but incorrect.

Explanation

The article quotes the CEA warning that 'Hormuz uncertainty is likely to keep oil prices above $80 a barrel, too high for a country that imports 85%-90% of its oil requirement.' This is highlighted as a major headwind along with deficient monsoon and AI competition for services exports. The other options are not mentioned or are not explicitly cited as primary challenges.

Explanation

FSSAI is a statutory body established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, and functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The other ministries are not responsible for food safety regulation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the first phase threshold requires two or more unhealthy ingredients, not any single one. Statement 2 is correct as per the article: the Supreme Court pulled up FSSAI for delay. Statement 3 is correct: Chile saw a 24% drop in sugary drink consumption after introducing black octagon labels. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'Chile witnessed a 24 per cent drop in sugary drink consumption after it introduced black octagonal warning labels on packages in 2016.' The other options are close distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article frames the proposal as a step towards addressing 'alarming levels of obesity, particularly among children' and making it easier to 'tell healthy choices from harmful ones.' Other options are not supported by the article; the primary goal is public health, not revenue or trade.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India has established strategic partnerships with all Central Asian countries except Turkmenistan, which maintains permanent neutrality. This is a key static GK point about Turkmenistan's unique foreign policy status.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article (26th SCO summit in Bishkek). Statement 2 is correct: the article notes Pakistan has overcome isolation and will assume chairmanship. Statement 3 is incorrect: the uranium supply agreement is with Uzbekistan, not Turkmenistan. Hence option D is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states that PM Modi's address was at the 26th summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Bishkek. The other options are close distractors; 25th and 27th are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article states that 'The absence of direct land access has constrained trade and wider economic and cultural engagement.' India cannot use overland routes through Pakistan, and Afghan airspace is risky. While competition from China and terrorism are concerns, the core geographic constraint is the lack of direct land access.

Explanation

The Delhi HC relied on Section 12 of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, which prohibits dismissal or discharge of a woman during maternity leave. The court expanded its scope to include protection of role and career prospects.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the court held that a woman returning from maternity leave cannot be placed at a professional disadvantage. Statement 2 is incorrect because the court explicitly said that seeking adjustment does not waive statutory protection. Statement 3 is correct as the court directed the Centre to frame rules within six months.

Explanation

The court awarded ₹10 lakh as compensation to Rakhi Bisht, along with ₹1.5 lakh as costs, because her earlier post was filled during maternity leave without consultation.

Explanation

The Delhi HC expanded the scope of Section 12 beyond mere continuity of employment to include protection of professional status, responsibilities, authority, and career advancement. This aligns with the broader objective of preventing discrimination.

Explanation

The article clearly states that in 2023, Egypt was invited to join the BRICS bloc of nations, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. SCO is a different grouping; G7 and EU are not mentioned in the context of Egypt's membership.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: 'Annual trade between the two countries is estimated at $20 billion' and US-Egypt trade was $15.7 billion. Statement 2 is correct: 'first-ever combat exercise for China's J-16 fighter jets and Egypt's French-made Rafale fighters' in August 2026. Statement 3 is correct: 'first trip to the region since visiting Saudi Arabia in 2022'. Hence all three are correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Trade between the U.S. and Egypt was $15.7 billion in 2025.' The other options are distractors: $10 billion is China's investment, $20 billion is China-Egypt trade, and $25 billion is not mentioned.

Explanation

The article highlights that with oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz disrupted by the Iran war, the Suez Canal has become a vital alternative path. China aims to strengthen ties with Egypt to secure this route. While other options may be plausible, the article explicitly links the Suez Canal's importance to China's strategy. There is no mention of military bases or tourism as primary objectives.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) handles India's foreign policy and organizes international summits such as the BRICS Summit. The article mentions that the MEA provided details about the summit, confirming its nodal role.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article specifies the summit venue as Bharat Mandapam. Statement 2 is incorrect because India is hosting for the fourth time (2012, 2016, 2021, 2026), not the fifth. Statement 3 is correct as per the article mentioning over 350 meetings in 25+ cities.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the theme for India's BRICS chairship is 'Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability'. The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The UN Secretary-General's participation underscores the growing importance of BRICS as a platform for global governance dialogue. It reflects the UN's interest in engaging with major emerging economies on issues like peace, security, and sustainable development, as highlighted by his meetings on the sidelines of the SCO Summit.

Explanation

Section 2(d)(vi) defines author for computer-generated works as 'the person who causes the work to be created'. Section 13 deals with protection of original works, Section 17 with first ownership, and Section 18 with assignment. Hence option B is correct.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Thaler applied with DABUS as author, claiming it generated the work autonomously. Statement 2 is false: the Office rejected DABUS as author, stating only a natural or juristic person can be author. Statement 3 is correct: the Office ruled the work original because it was not copied and showed minimal creativity. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the artwork was titled 'A Recent Entrance to Paradise'. This was the work generated by DABUS for which Stephen Thaler sought copyright registration. The other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The order held that the 'person who causes the work to be created' refers to the human exercising overall creative control, not the AI tool. Thus, Thaler, as the creator and operator of DABUS, is the legal author, not the machine. Option A is wrong because AI is not a legal person. Option B is wrong because the work was found original and copyrightable. Option D is incorrect because ownership follows authorship unless assigned.

Explanation

NCERT is the autonomous body mandated to develop school textbooks and curriculum frameworks. The news explicitly mentions NCERT preparing revised textbooks for Classes 10-12. UGC oversees higher education, AICTE technical education, and the Ministry of Education is the parent ministry but not the direct textbook developer.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article states 'revised textbooks for classes 1 to 9 as per the new NCF have already been released.' Statement 2 is incorrect: the minister actually said 'AI usage is increasing and even younger groups are using it' – the opposite of decreasing. Statement 3 is correct: NEP was introduced by the centre in 2020.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the minister addressed the council's 66th Foundation Day. The other options are close distractors. This is a precise data point for Prelims.

Explanation

The minister explicitly said: 'Our textbooks and curricula must evolve with these changes and help our young learners to understand, use, and engage with AI confidently and also responsibly.' The other options are not mentioned in the article and distort the policy intent.

Explanation

The Indian Air Force is a part of the Indian Armed Forces under the Ministry of Defence. The article mentions a statement from the Defence Ministry, confirming this linkage.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: she is the first woman non-medical officer to attain AVM rank. Statement 2 is incorrect: she was commissioned on June 18, 1994, not 1990. Statement 3 is correct: she created history as the first woman officer from the Tri-Services to command a Sainik School, serving as principal of Sainik School, Kapurthala.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that she assumed the appointment on September 1, 2026. The other options are distractors: September 2 is the publication date of the news, June 18 is her commission date.

Explanation

The article highlights that she is the first woman officer (non-medical) in the Indian Defence Forces to attain the rank of Air Vice Marshal (or equivalent). While she also commanded a Sainik School and holds a key appointment, the primary historic milestone is the rank attainment. Options A and D are factually incorrect or not the primary focus.

Explanation

The article states that the US tech adviser proposed the 'Carolina Principles' at a G20 tech meeting in North Carolina. The G20 is a forum of major economies that discusses global economic and political issues.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the US pushed for a hands-off approach. Statement 2 is incorrect; China actually signed the principles. Statement 3 is incorrect; Zuckerberg argued countries should NOT restrict open-weight models.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that Google DeepMind's Demis Hassabis addressed the gathering by video and called on G20 officials to set up safety tests for AI systems. This is a key factual detail from the news.

Explanation

The article quotes a fellow from the Center for a New American Security, stating that the urgency is to make sure the rest of the world stays within the American tech ecosystem and doesn't seek alternatives, especially from China. A light regulatory touch is seen as a way to keep global AI development tied to US companies.

Explanation

The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution is the nodal ministry for implementing the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, which empowers the government to control production, supply, and pricing of essential items like onion.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the all-India average was ₹49.59/kg. Statement 2 is correct as the YoY increase was 74% from ₹28.48/kg. Statement 3 is incorrect because the retail price in North India was over ₹70/kg, not just ₹50/kg.

Explanation

The article states that on August 1, the price was ₹35.47 per kg. Option A (₹28.48) was the price a year ago, Option C (₹49.59) was the Sept 1 price, and Option D (₹60) was the retail price in Kolkata/Chennai.

Explanation

The article states onion is an 'essential commodity whose prices are considered a politically sensitive topic.' The Centre's worry stems from the potential political fallout, especially with the Opposition blaming the government for failing to curb price rises of essentials.

Explanation

The article mentions 'US tech adviser Michael Kratsios, who is co-hosting the two-day meeting' and advocated for the 'Carolina Principles'. Sam Altman and Jensen Huang are scheduled to appear later, but Kratsios was the primary US representative at the meeting.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the US pressed for a 'hands-off approach'. Statement 2 is incorrect because Musk criticized the EU's tech regulations, saying they 'inhibits progress'. Statement 3 is correct as 'China's Technology and Science Minister Yin Hejun represented the Chinese Communist Party at the gathering.' Hence option C.

Explanation

The article states that US tech adviser Michael Kratsios advocated for countries to adopt the 'Carolina Principles'. The principles focus on avoiding entirely new AI regulations and instead writing rules for 'novel' situations.

Explanation

The article mentions that 'A United Nations panel recently warned that AI's developments are outpacing scientific understanding and government policy.' This is a key concern about the governance gap in AI. The other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The Ministry of Finance has issued a statement welcoming the development.' The Ministry of Finance is responsible for economic policy and sovereign borrowing, making it the correct nodal ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: JCR upgraded to A- from BBB+. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article says 'high growth rate of around 7%', not 8%. Statement 3 is correct: 'JCR has also raised the country ceiling by one notch to A.' Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'the banking sector’s non-performing asset ratio has fallen to below 2%'. This is a key data point from the JCR rationale. The other options are plausible distractors.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'A higher rating means that India can borrow at lower costs in the future, leading to a lower interest burden on the exchequer.' This is the direct and primary benefit. Other options are indirect or not mentioned.

Explanation

Article 317 provides for the removal and suspension of members of Public Service Commissions. Specifically, Article 317(2) empowers the Governor to suspend a chairperson or member of a State Public Service Commission pending a reference to the President.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the single judge's ruling. Statement 2 is incorrect because the appeal argues that subsequent approval (ratification) validates the original action, not invalidates it. Statement 3 is correct as the Division Bench includes CJ Vibhu Bakhru and Justice K.S. Hemalekah.

Explanation

The single judge set aside the suspension order on August 18, 2026, giving liberty to the Governor to take a fresh decision with the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. The other dates: July 10 is the original suspension date, July 19 is the Council's approval date, and December 2 is the next hearing date.

Explanation

The core issue is the interpretation of Article 317(2): whether the Governor must seek the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers before suspending a chairperson, or whether the Governor can act independently in urgent circumstances to protect the institution's integrity. The single judge ruled that prior advice is necessary, while the Governor's appeal argues that subsequent ratification suffices.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that India signed a Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA) through the U.S. Foreign Military Sales programme. DTTI is a different mechanism for co-development, while ISA and MIEA are unrelated.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the Indian Army signed an LOA for the Javelin system. Statement 2 is true as the Javelin is described as one of the world's best-known shoulder-fired anti-tank missile systems. Statement 3 is incorrect; the MoU was signed between Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and the Javelin Joint Venture, not DRDO.

Explanation

The article states 'The Javelin’s induction took nearly 15 years because India and the U.S. could not initially bridge differences over technology transfer and local production.' The other options are close distractors but not supported by the text.

Explanation

The article explicitly says the MoU is 'to explore final assembly and integration of the Javelin All Up Round in the country'. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned; the initiative is limited to exploring assembly and integration, not full rights or exports.

Explanation

The Allahabad High Court, with a bench of Justices Atul Sreedharan and Achal Sachdev, delivered the judgment. The case was heard in Prayagraj.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the court found the state's story 'concocted' and no evidence. Statement 2 is incorrect: the state could not produce video footage despite being asked. Statement 3 is correct: compensation of ₹5,000 was awarded. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The court directed the state to pay ₹5,000 compensation. The other options are distractors; no other amounts were mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The judgment reinforced that even under preventive detention laws like NSA, the state must follow procedural requirements (e.g., BNSS Section 126) and provide evidence. This curbs arbitrary detention and upholds the right to personal liberty.

Explanation

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is the nodal agency for GDP data in India. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) publishes monetary policy data, while the Ministry of Finance deals with fiscal policy. The Ministry of Commerce handles trade data.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: MoSPI adopted the new base year 2022-23. Statement 2 is correct: The nominal GDP was revised from Rs 86.05 lakh crore (old series) to Rs 80.00 lakh crore (new series). Statement 3 is incorrect: The RBI had forecasted 7%, not 7.8%.

Explanation

The article states that as per latest data, India's GDP without adjusting for inflation was Rs 88.27 lakh crore in April-June 2026. The other options are from earlier revisions or old series.

Explanation

MoSPI clarified that the revision is due to the base year change and the use of updated indices like PPI and IIP, not any manipulation. This is a standard international practice.

Explanation

The article refers to 'Japanese Credit Rating Agency (JCRA)', indicating it is a Japanese agency. The other options are incorrect as JCRA is not based in India, China, or the USA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the rating was upgraded from BBB+ to A-. Statement 2 is incorrect: the upgrade was attributed to strong growth, banking improvements, not high inflation/debt. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions gross NPA ratio fell to 1.8% at end-March 2026.

Explanation

The article states 'India's economy grew 7.7 per cent in real terms in FY2026'. The other options are close distractors: 6.0% is below the forecast, 7.2% is a common estimate, and 8.0% is not mentioned.

Explanation

A sovereign rating upgrade signals lower credit risk, which typically reduces the country's borrowing costs in international markets and attracts foreign investors seeking stable returns. The other options are contrary to the expected effects of a rating upgrade.

Explanation

The Orissa High Court, in its judgment dated August 20, 2026, ruled that the ITPA does not prescribe punishment for a customer, even if found in a compromising position. The Kerala High Court had taken a contrary view on August 11, 2026.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the court held that a customer CANNOT be prosecuted under those sections. Statement 2 is correct: the court invoked Section 482 CrPC to correct its earlier order. Statement 3 is correct: the court cited the Andhra Pradesh HC precedent. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

According to the article, the Orissa High Court delivered its ruling on August 20, 2026. August 11, 2026 is the date of the Kerala High Court's contrary ruling. February 9, 2024 is the date of the earlier order in the same case, and May 30, 2022 is the date of the Karnataka High Court precedent.

Explanation

The core issue is whether a customer who visits a brothel can be prosecuted under the ITPA. The Orissa HC says no, the Kerala HC says yes. This conflict creates a need for Supreme Court clarification or legislative amendment. The other options are tangential.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that US CENTCOM conducted the strikes on IRGC targets. CENTCOM oversees US military operations in the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia. Other commands focus on different regions: PACOM (Pacific), SOUTHCOM (Latin America), EUCOM (Europe).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: CENTCOM targeted IRGC air-defence sites, radar, maritime assets, and mine-laying capabilities. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran also launched missiles and drones towards Jordan, Bahrain, and Kuwait, not just Iraq. Statement 3 is correct: Jordan said its air defences dealt with 13 ballistic missiles, intercepting 10 while three fell in remote areas. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'Iranian authorities said shrapnel from a US strike hit a home hosting a wedding near Sirik in southern Iran, killing five people and wounding dozens.' The number 5 is explicitly mentioned. Other options are distractors: 3, 7, and 10 are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article repeatedly highlights that the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for global oil shipments, remains largely disrupted, with only a handful of ships making the passage each day. This disruption, combined with the renewed fighting, pushed Brent crude above $95/barrel. While sanctions and demand can affect prices, the immediate cause discussed is the strait's disruption. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned as the primary reason in the article.

Explanation

The Election Commission of India, established under Article 324 of the Constitution, is the constitutional body responsible for the preparation and revision of electoral rolls for all parliamentary and state assembly elections. The SIR is a special drive conducted by the ECI.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article states that more than 13 crore names were left out of draft rolls across three phases. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article uses satire to suggest that treating SIR as a population solution is absurd; it is not a real solution. Statement 3 is correct: the article explicitly compares SIR with the Assam NRC exercise.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that 'more than 13 crore names have reportedly been left out of draft rolls' across the three phases of the SIR. The other options are distractors: 19.06 lakh refers to Assam NRC exclusions, 48 lakh is the approximate drop in Delhi's electorate, and 2 crore is the drop in Maharashtra.

Explanation

The author argues that a large number of deletions, even if many are restored, raises the risk that eligible citizens may be silenced on polling day due to administrative errors. The article warns that 'a wrong exclusion may silence a citizen on polling day' and that the SIR should not turn voting into a documentary contest like the NRC.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Chaudhary was 'booked under the stringent National Security Act (NSA)'. The other options were not mentioned as the basis for her detention.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the court quashed the detention. Statement 2 is correct: police claimed she was a member of Mazdoor Bigul Dasta. Statement 3 is incorrect: the detention was under NSA, not UAPA.

Explanation

The article mentions that '15 FIRs in which hundreds of people were booked and at least 60 put in jail' were filed following the protests. Hence the answer is 15.

Explanation

The court quashed the detention, indicating that the grounds provided by the police were insufficient. This reinforces judicial scrutiny of preventive detention, preventing arbitrary use of laws like NSA.

Explanation

The article mentions 'assessments by the UN Environment Programme and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' as the source for the 45-48% emission share. These are the two key UN bodies on environment and climate science.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article states 'over 1,100 people were killed and more than 4,000 are still missing'. Statement 2 is incorrect: India sent 'over five tonnes of essential medicines', not 10 tonnes. Statement 3 is correct: the minister said 'We are shifting our diplomatic framework from 'aid' to 'justice and compensation'. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that UN data indicates the three countries produce a combined 45 to 48 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The minister explicitly stated that the major industrial emitters 'have a historical responsibility to compensate vulnerable nations like Nepal'. This is based on their cumulative emissions contributing to climate change. While domestic political pressure exists, the core argument is legal and moral liability, not loans or tourism.

Explanation

The Allahabad High Court, with a bench of Justices Atul Sreedharan and Achal Sachdev, quashed the NSA detention. The other options are incorrect as the case was filed in the Allahabad High Court given the detention occurred in Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: She was picked up on April 11. Statement 2 is correct: NSA was invoked on May 13. Statement 3 is incorrect: The fine imposed was Rs 5 lakh, not Rs 10 lakh. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article mentions that the High Court imposed a fine of Rs 5 lakh on the state. The other options are distractors; Rs 10 lakh is not mentioned, and Rs 2 lakh and Rs 1 lakh are lower than the actual amount.

Explanation

The court described the NSA invocation as 'arbitrary and vague' and imposed a Rs 5 lakh fine recoverable from the officials involved, thereby ensuring accountability. It did not uphold NSA's validity or increase its powers, nor did it grant bail in all FIRs — only 5 bails were secured.