22 May 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a statutory body constituted under the RBI Act to determine the policy interest rate (repo rate) to achieve inflation targets. The article mentions the MPC's upcoming decision on June 5.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states bond yields rose to 7.11% and markets anticipate RBI rate hikes. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article clarifies the rise is largely a 'global contagion' from war and analysts say it's not solely due to domestic inflation (which is subdued at 3.48%). Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly states the rupee's fall 'raises the risk of imported inflation'.

Explanation

The article states: 'In April, wholesale inflation surged to a 42-month high of 8.3%'. Retail inflation was 3.48%, the rupee depreciation was 5.5%, and the bond yield was 7.11%.

Explanation

Sankar Chakraborti, Managing Director of Acuite Ratings, stated the rise in yields is 'largely a reflection of a ‘global contagion’ rather than a definitive bet on domestic tightening' and suggests it's a 'defensive hedge against extreme ‘tail risks’. The article notes domestic inflation is subdued, and the RBI remains wary of immediate action.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions Fatih Birol, the Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), issuing the warning. The IEA is an intergovernmental organization focused on energy security and coordinating responses to energy emergencies.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the closure date is March 4, 2026. Statement 2 is incorrect; the IEA chief described the crisis as more severe than the 1973 and 1979 shocks. Statement 3 is correct as the article details India's focus on solar, green hydrogen, nuclear energy, and ethanol blending.

Explanation

Fatih Birol stated that around 14 million barrels of oil per day are currently missing from the market. This specific quantitative data is a key factual point for Prelims-style questions.

Explanation

The article states PM Modi stressed the need to reduce India's dependence on imported petro products and fossil fuels, while accelerating the push towards energy self-reliance. This is the core objective driving the exploration of solar, green hydrogen, nuclear energy, and ethanol blending.

Explanation

Article 15 prohibits discrimination and allows special provisions for backward classes. Article 16 guarantees equality in public employment and also permits reservations. These are the foundational constitutional provisions for affirmative action.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the Bench observed "If both parents are IAS officers, why should they have reservations?". Statement 2 is incorrect because the SC only issued notice and is hearing a plea challenging the HC judgment; it did not uphold it. Statement 3 is incorrect as the article says the Davinder Singh case's view was "only a view and the legislature has to decide", not a binding order.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "The classification... was based on the income of his parents... whose combined income allegedly exceeded ₹8,00,000." This is the specific data point mentioned.

Explanation

The core principle discussed is the 'creamy layer' exclusion, established in the Indra Sawhney case. The SC's remarks about social mobility and children of IAS officers getting out of reservation align with this principle of preventing perpetual benefits and targeting the genuinely backward.

Explanation

Section 47 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, mandates that after making necessary provisions, the balance of the RBI's profits shall be paid to the Central Government. This is the statutory basis for the annual surplus transfer.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the approved surplus is ₹2,86,588.46 crore. Statement 2 is incorrect because the CRB was maintained at 6.5%, not 7.5%. Statement 3 is correct as the gross income increased by 26.42%. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the RBI's balance sheet expanded to ₹91,97,121.08 crore as on March 31, 2026. The other options are close distractors based on common numerical patterns.

Explanation

The Contingent Risk Buffer is a specific provision within the RBI's economic capital to cover monetary and financial stability risks that are 'unforeseen' or 'unexpected'. Its maintenance, as per the revised Economic Capital Framework, ensures the central bank's resilience.

Explanation

The article states that PT Danantara Sumberdaya Indonesia is 99% owned by Danantara, the sovereign wealth fund launched by President Prabowo. The other options are involved in policy or industry but are not the primary owners.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The policy covers coal, palm oil, and iron alloys, not nickel. Statement 2 is correct as President Prabowo stated the primary objective is to combat under-invoicing and increase revenues. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly mentions China as Indonesia's largest trading partner and a top importer.

Explanation

The article directly quotes President Prabowo stating that Indonesia had lost as much as $908 billion because exporters underreport their sales to avoid taxes. The other figures are plausible distractors but not mentioned.

Explanation

Analysts like Bhima Yudhistira state that by exerting state control and potentially revising Chinese-dominated contracts, the policy aims to diversify investors and attract interest from others like the US, reducing Chinese control.

Explanation

As per the article, the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) Central Board approved the surplus transfer. The Central Board is the apex administrative body of the RBI responsible for its general superintendence and direction.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The surplus transfer of ₹2.86 lakh crore is ₹17,000 crore MORE, not less, than the previous year's ₹2.69 lakh crore. Statement 2 is correct as mentioned in the article. Statement 3 is correct as the CRB was maintained at 6.5%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "The Balance Sheet of the central bank expanded by 20.61 per cent to Rs 91,97,121 crore as on March 31, 2026." The other options are close but incorrect figures.

Explanation

The article states the record payout was on the back of robust earnings 'led by large amounts of dollar sales to support the falling rupee and higher revenue earned on foreign assets due to rise in interest rates in the international markets.' The other options are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the removal was under the Gujarat Panchayats Act, 1993. This is a state-specific law governing Panchayats in Gujarat.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Court actually noted that principles of natural justice cannot be invoked mechanically when admitted facts justify the conclusion, and the High Court had rejected the contention about non-supply of a report. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Court referred to the Virendrasing case.

Explanation

The article clearly states the contracts were worth Rs 13.52 lakh. Rs 13.52 crore is a magnitude higher, while Rs 1.52 lakh and Rs 15.2 lakh are close but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article states the Court said there was nothing on record to establish any separation between the petitioner and her husband that could negate conflict of interest concerns. The public tender process itself was not challenged as fraudulent or invalid, but it was held insufficient to shield against the substantive conflict.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the 'State of the Economy' report is part of the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) monthly bulletin. The RBI, as India's central bank, regularly publishes such reports on macroeconomic conditions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the report clearly identifies domestic demand as the key growth driver. Statement 2 is incorrect because the report states the outlook is 'somewhat clouded' by supply-side pressures, not 'very bright'. Statement 3 is correct as the report notes labour market conditions witnessed moderation in the Jan-Mar 2026 quarter. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions that the central bank said labour market conditions witnessed some moderation in the January-March 2026 quarter, with a rise in the unemployment rate. The other options are distractors for different fiscal quarters.

Explanation

The report states that while domestic demand drives growth, the near-term outlook is 'somewhat clouded' due to supply side pressures brought on by the West Asia crisis. Domestic demand is strong, not weak. The report does not mention RBI's monetary policy or a decline in FDI as the primary clouding factors.

Explanation

The news article discusses a controversy surrounding an NCERT Class 8 textbook. NCERT is the apex autonomous body established for curriculum development and textbook publication for school education in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Court recalled the harsh comments but still found the content 'lopsided'. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Court clarified its criticism was about the content, not the individuals.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the controversial chapter was part of a 'Class 8 NCERT textbook'. This is a factual detail directly from the text.

Explanation

Justice Bagchi observed that the portrayal was 'lopsided' as it highlighted corruption but missed the role of the judiciary regarding its constitutional supremacy. This was the substantive concern behind the initial criticism.

Explanation

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the premier organization for archaeological research and protection of cultural heritage in India, and it functions under the Union Ministry of Culture.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The MP High Court declared the site a temple of Goddess Saraswati, not Lakshmi. Statement 2 is correct: The HC quashed the ASI order dated April 7, 2003. Statement 3 is correct: The Bhojshala complex is in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh.

Explanation

According to the article, the Madhya Pradesh High Court quashed an April 7, 2003, order of the ASI that allowed Muslims to offer namaz inside the Bhojshala complex every Friday.

Explanation

The article states that the High Court bench said 'the Muslim community may approach the Madhya Pradesh government for the allotment of separate land in the district for the construction of a mosque.' This reflects a judicial suggestion for accommodation rather than a management or demolition order.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Indian Council of Medical Research's (ICMR) National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, is equipped to test samples from suspected Ebola cases. ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the surveillance is to be intensified under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), not the National Health Mission. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions establishing coordination mechanisms between NIV Pune, airport and port health authorities, and surveillance units.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the WHO declared the PHEIC on Sunday (May 17, 2026). The other dates are distractors: May 21 is the date of the photo from DRC, and May 22 is the article publication date.

Explanation

The article's core message is about proactive preparedness. The Centre's directive focuses on strengthening surveillance (via IDSP), hospital readiness, and rapid response systems to mitigate risks from international travel and trade, not on vaccination, blanket travel bans, or fund diversion.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions an 'April 1960 State Department memo' that outlined the policy to weaken Cuba's economy. The State Department handles foreign policy and diplomacy.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; Robert Pape's study 'Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work' argues there is 'little valid social science support' for their effectiveness. Statement 3 is correct, summarizing the article's argument that sanctions consolidate regimes.

Explanation

The article states: 'A recent Lancet study finds that unilateral sanctions imposed by the US and EU since 1970 are associated with 38 million deaths across the world.' The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article's core argument is that sanctions do not work for regime change (they often have the opposite effect) and instead create humanitarian crises, as seen with Cuba's blackouts and the global death toll. The other options contradict the article's analysis.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the programme is a "World Bank-supported Bihar Urban Transformation Programme". The other institutions, while involved in development financing in India, are not mentioned in this context.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states Bihar has "barely 11-12 per cent of its population living in urban areas, compared to the national average of over 31 per cent." Statement 2 is incorrect; the article argues against a single megacity model, stating Bihar's pathway lies in "dispersed urbanisation through multiple regional growth centres". Statement 3 is correct as the article notes the "decision to experiment with land-pooling mechanisms rather than aggressive land acquisition is also notable."

Explanation

The article provides the specific data point: "Bihar remains India’s least urbanised major state, with barely 11-12 per cent of its population living in urban areas." The other options are plausible distractors but not the figure mentioned.

Explanation

The article lists three structural constraints. The second one is "environmental vulnerability," specifically stating: "Large parts of north Bihar remain chronically flood-prone due to river systems such as the Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati." While other options could be challenges, the article explicitly highlights flood vulnerability as a key constraint that cannot be an afterthought.

Explanation

The article states the Supreme Court set aside a 2023 order of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT). The NCLT is the first-level tribunal, while NCLAT is its appellate body.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the IBC, via an amendment, recognizes homebuyers as financial creditors. Statement 3 is incorrect; the commercial projects (Earth TechOne, Earth Sapphire Court) are in Greater Noida, and the residential project (Earth Copia) is in Gurgaon, not the other way around.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Alpha Corp Development is expected to invest approximately Rs 750 crore towards completion, redevelopment, infrastructure upgrades, and delivery of the projects.' ₹1,200 crore is the projected revenue, not the investment.

Explanation

The core implication is judicial intervention upholding a resolution plan, which strengthens the IBC's objective of value-maximizing resolution. The Court set aside the NCLAT's rejection, ensuring the process is not derailed. The other options are not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is the permanent constitutional body established under Article 324. It is responsible for the superintendence, direction, and control of all elections, including the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, as highlighted in the article.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the EC has announced it will share the list of deleted voters with political parties (BLAs) as an additional transparency step. Statement 2 is correct as per the article. Statement 3 is incorrect; BLAs are appointed by political parties, not the Election Commission. BLOs are appointed by the EC.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "According to EC data, the BJP has appointed the highest number of BLAs at 52,115." The other parties mentioned had lower numbers.

Explanation

The Chief Electoral Officer stated the step was taken to make the process transparent and to give a seven-day window to act if mistakes are found. This directly aims to build trust and accuracy in the electoral roll, addressing past controversies over wrongful deletions.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'On April 13, the IMD forecast below-normal rainfall...'. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting, and seismology in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'output had expanded for three consecutive months prior' to the 24.6% March decline. Statement 2 is incorrect; the subsidy hike was for the Kharif 2026 season, not Rabi, and it aimed to keep DAP prices flat, not urea. Statement 3 is directly stated: 'A third of the world’s fertilisers normally transit the strait'.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'On April 13, the IMD forecast below-normal rainfall for the 2026 southwest monsoon season at 92 per cent of the Long Period Average'. This categorises it as 'below-normal'. The other options are close but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article explains that with global prices at crisis levels due to the Hormuz closure, the government uses the subsidy system as 'a well-established instrument of agricultural price stability'. The hike is meant to 'absorb the cost of guaranteeing supply' and prevent 'farm input costs to rise visibly', which would risk inflation and squeeze agricultural incomes.

Explanation

Article 243ZA of the Constitution vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections to the Municipalities in the State Election Commission (SEC). The Election Commission of India handles elections to Parliament and State Legislatures.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Article 143 deals with the President's power to seek the Supreme Court's advisory opinion. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sixth Schedule applies specifically to the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, not all states with STs. Statement 3 is correct as per Article 324(5) of the Constitution.

Explanation

The Constitution envisages a maximum strength of 552 for the Lok Sabha. The current strength is 543 members. Option A (530) is the maximum number of members from states, option B is the current strength, and option D is a distractor.

Explanation

The Ninth Schedule, introduced by the First Amendment, contains central and state laws that are protected from being challenged in courts for violating fundamental rights. However, as per the I.R. Coelho judgment (2007), laws can still be challenged if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.

Explanation

Article 22(5) specifically provides safeguards for persons detained under preventive detention laws, including the right to be informed of grounds and to make a representation. This is the core legal provision invoked in the Karnataka HC judgment.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the detention was under the 1985 Act. Statement 2 is incorrect; the violation was of Article 22(5), not Article 21, though Article 21 was also mentioned in a broader context. Statement 3 is incorrect; the right to effective representation is under Article 22(5), not Article 22(1).

Explanation

The Additional Government Advocate stated in court that the detenu was a habitual offender with eight cases registered against him under various provisions of IPC and BNS. This factual data was part of the state's argument.

Explanation

The core ruling was that failing to provide documents in Kannada, a language the detenu could read, violated his right to make an effective representation under Article 22(5). This principle ensures the substantive exercise of constitutional safeguards, not just their formal existence.

Explanation

As per the article, the Ministry of Rural Development released the draft 'Objective Parameters for Normative Allocation Rules, 2026'. This ministry is the nodal agency for implementing rural employment guarantee schemes.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the scheme provides a guarantee of 125 days. Statement 2 is incorrect because allocation is based on the 16th Finance Commission's formula, not the 15th. Statement 3 is incorrect as the fund-sharing is 90:10 for 11 special category states (northeastern, Himalayan, UTs with legislature).

Explanation

The article specifies the 16th FC formula parameters and their weights: Population (17.5%), Demographic Performance (10%), Area (10%), Forest (10%), Per capita GSDP Distance (42.5%), and Contribution to GDP (10%). The per capita GSDP distance has the highest weight of 42.5%.

Explanation

The article highlights that under MGNREGS, states received funds based on demand for work. The VB-G RAM G introduces 'normative allocation' based on a predetermined formula (16th FC), which is a fundamental shift in the funding philosophy and has been a point of criticism.

Explanation

The article states that the Union Home Minister announced the project, and specifically mentions 'The Ministry of Home Affairs will soon introduce a Smart Border Project'. The BSF, which guards the borders, also falls under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly mentions making frontiers with Pakistan and Bangladesh impenetrable. Statement 2 is incorrect; the BSF's jurisdiction was extended from 15 km to 50 km, not reduced. Statement 3 is correct as the Home Minister flagged narcotics and drone smuggling as key threats the project will address.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The BSF’s jurisdiction has been extended from 15 kilometres to 50 kilometres'. This is a key factual data point from the news. The other options are plausible-sounding but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The Home Minister stated, 'Border security can no longer rely solely on traditional methods' and outlined a new approach blending stronger inter-agency coordination with high-end technology like drones and radars. This is the core philosophy change. The other options are either incorrect or represent extreme interpretations not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation (DDWS) Secretary Ashok K K Meena conducting the review meeting. DDWS is the nodal department for Jal Jeevan Mission under the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's mention of JJM 2.0 transition. Statement 2 is correct as the article states implementation of SWM Rules 2026 is being reviewed in an ongoing Supreme Court PIL. Statement 3 is incorrect; the dashboard is for monitoring service delivery at the district level, not infrastructure creation at the state level.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions 'Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026' multiple times and advises officials to ensure waste management in line with these rules. The other years are distractors.

Explanation

The article clearly states that JJM and SBM-G have reached a stage where focus must move 'beyond infrastructure creation towards reliable service delivery, functionality, sustainability and community ownership'. This is the core objective of JJM 2.0.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) argues that Ladakh needs more districts rather than a legislature. The MHA is the nodal ministry for the administration of Union Territories.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the offer of five new districts (Nubra, Changthang, Sham, Zanskar, Drass). Statement 2 is incorrect; the article uses the example of Arunachal Pradesh and other Northeastern states, not Uttar Pradesh, for this argument. Statement 3 is correct as the Sixth Schedule is defined for tribal areas in the Northeast, a key point in the demand for Ladakh.

Explanation

The article specifically lists five new districts: Nubra, Changthang, Sham, Zanskar, and Drass. This is a concrete factual detail that can be directly tested.

Explanation

The article repeatedly mentions the demand for Sixth Schedule protections for Ladakh. This schedule provides a framework for autonomous district councils with legislative powers over land, resources, and culture, which is the core demand contrasting with mere administrative districts.

Explanation

The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, which conducts the decennial Census, operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs. This is a key static fact for polity and governance.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the last full caste census was in 1931, not 2011. Statement 3 is incorrect; the SECC 2011 dataset had over 8 crore errors and most findings remain unpublished, rendering it largely unusable.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the census, delayed from 2021 due to the pandemic and logistical hurdles, is now referred to as Census 2027. This is a key factual data point for prelims.

Explanation

The article cites the CJI's remark that governments need to know how many people are backward and need welfare. It also states that a caste census, viewed alongside socioeconomic indices, helps better target welfare and ensure representation.

Explanation

The National Testing Agency (NTA) is the autonomous body established by the Government of India to conduct entrance examinations like NEET-UG. The NMC regulates medical education, while UPSC conducts civil services exams.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the Radhakrishnan Committee recommended a two-stage exam. Statement 2 is incorrect because the NMC Act regulates fees for only 50% of seats in private colleges. Statement 3 is correct as Tamil Nadu's 7.5% quota for government school students is cited as a model.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 22 lakh students write the NEET exam. The figure 1.37 lakh is the total number of medical seats available, making it a close distractor.

Explanation

The core equity argument in the debate is that a centralised, high-stakes exam disadvantages rural, poor, and government school students due to unequal access to coaching. Decentralisation (state-level exams or Class XII marks) is proposed to level the playing field.

Explanation

The Central Information Commission (CIC) is the statutory body established under the RTI Act, 2005 to adjudicate appeals and complaints regarding information requests. The Law Commission is an advisory body, the Supreme Court is the apex judicial body, and NHRC deals with human rights violations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Law Commission's 2018 argument was based on BCCI's public functions and tax exemptions (interpreted as foregone state revenue), not direct substantial financing by the government. Statement 3 is incorrect; the CIC recently ruled that BCCI is NOT a public authority under Section 2(h).

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Law Commission noted the BCCI received tax exemptions worth ₹2,100 crore in the period 1997-2007, interpreting this as foregone state revenue. The other figures are distractors.

Explanation

The article states the CIC's decision is based strictly on Section 2(h) of the RTI Act, which defines 'public authority'. Since BCCI is not constitutionally/statutorily created nor notified by the government, it does not fit the definition. While other options are mentioned as concerns in the debate, they are not the CIC's primary legal basis for exclusion.

Explanation

The article states that the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) reported to the Lok Sabha about blocking URLs. This ministry handles cyber regulations and online content.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's opening. Statement 2 is incorrect; studies show an increase in offshore platform usage. Statement 3 is correct; the UAE moved in 2023 to establish such a framework.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that offshore participation in Maharashtra rose from 66.7% to 91.7% after the implementation of the PROG Act. The other percentages correspond to other states or pre-ban figures.

Explanation

The core argument of the article is that paternalistic bans rarely change consumer behavior and merely push users toward underground and more volatile channels, specifically offshore platforms beyond domestic oversight.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the Allahabad High Court, in an order by Justice Vivek Kumar Singh, quashed the rape case and made the observation about criminalising sour relationships.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the court quashed the chargesheet under these specific IPC sections. Statement 2 is incorrect; the court explicitly stated that NOT every broken promise amounts to rape. Statement 3 is correct as the core ruling was that cheating must be proven from the very beginning for it to be a false promise constituting rape.

Explanation

The article states the case was registered under Sections 376 (rape), 323, 342, and 506 of the IPC. Therefore, the primary offence was under Section 376, which deals with rape.

Explanation

The court's core reasoning, as detailed in the article, was that the parties were in a long-standing consensual physical relationship and there was no allegation or proof that the accused had no intention to marry (i.e., cheated) from the very beginning. Thus, the basic ingredients of rape under Section 376 were not made out.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India, is arguing that Ladakh needs more districts rather than a legislature. The MHA handles the administration of Union Territories.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's description of the MHA's argument. Statement 2 is correct as the article uses Arunachal Pradesh's example (statehood in 1987) to counter the strategic sensitivity argument. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article argues the opposite, stating that fiscal solvency is NOT the price of admission to Indian democracy, citing examples of states dependent on central transfers.

Explanation

The article specifically states: "The renewable project slated for the Pang region of Changthang totals roughly 13 gigawatts of combined capacity..." The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The article's central thesis is that administrative decentralization (districts) is no substitute for political agency (a legislature). It states: 'But districts cannot legislate on land protection, demographic safeguards, ecological preservation...' This is the primary critique offered.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that in July last year, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that countries are obliged to prevent harm from climate change. This ruling was later endorsed by the UN General Assembly.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions 141 votes in favour. Statement 2 is incorrect because India abstained, it did not vote in favour. Statement 3 is correct as the article highlights that the resolution is silent on climate finance, which was a key reason for India's abstention.

Explanation

The article clearly states that 28 nations, including India, abstained from the vote. 141 voted in favour, and 8 nations, including the US, voted against the resolution.

Explanation

The article explains that India's abstention should not be seen as a vote against vulnerable nations, but rather because the resolution did not fully reflect concerns of developing countries, was silent on climate finance, and undermined the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR).

Explanation

The article states that based on the Supreme Court's 2013 order, the 'Union Environment Ministry constituted an expert body'. This ministry, now called MoEFCC, is the nodal agency for environmental clearances and impact assessments.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because EB-I found that 23 of 24 projects would harm biodiversity. Statement 3 is incorrect; the 2021 consensus was to permit 7 projects with advanced construction, not against all new projects.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "In its final report, EB-II studied 70 HEPs in the upper reaches of the Ganga River basin." 24 was studied by EB-I, 51 were the remaining uncommissioned projects out of 70, and 28 were recommended in a draft report.

Explanation

The article states the Centre 'primarily highlighted the fragility of the region' and cited recent disasters like the 2021 Rishi Ganga floods and Joshimath land subsidence as proof of vulnerability. While other factors played a role, this was the primary reason presented.

Explanation

The article explicitly states at the end: 'The writer is president, Observer Research Foundation'. This is a static GK fact directly from the source.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article says: 'India's energy security... is imperiled by American unilateralism and breathtaking double standards on sourcing fuel from Russia'. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article says Washington's search for detente with China 'removes the relationship's strategic ballast', not adds it. Statement 3 is correct as per the article: 'India has reforged its sense of self: It will, and it must, continue to refuse to play the compliant partner...'. Hence, only 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'There are, in fact, three faultlines, not one.' This is a direct factual data point from the text.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'A philosophical gap, one rooted in our respective democratic cultures, has persisted: India does not understand alliances; America does not understand autonomy.' This is a direct quote capturing the core conceptual difference.

Explanation

As per the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, 'Animal Husbandry' is Entry 15 in the State List (List II). This gives state legislatures the primary power to make laws on this subject, which is why laws like the West Bengal Animal Slaughter Control Act are enacted by states.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: West Bengal is the largest meat producer, but it is the second-largest fish producer (after Andhra Pradesh). Statement 2 is incorrect: The Act does not prohibit all slaughter; it allows slaughter of animals over 14 years with certification. Statement 3 is incorrect: The article explicitly states that milk production increased from 5.6 MT to 8 MT, proving meat sector growth was not at the expense of dairying.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the 1950 law "does not allow slaughter of any animal unless it is over 14 years of age". The normal lifespan (15 years) and productive life (8-9 years) are different figures mentioned in the article, making them close distractors.

Explanation

The article's core argument is that the 14-year age limit is impractical as cows stop being productive much earlier (around 8-9 years). Maintaining these 'unproductive animals' diverts scarce fodder and water, raising costs. This economic burden may discourage farmers from keeping livestock altogether, harming the dairy sector. The other options are either not the primary concern or are indirect consequences.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that U.S. Acting Navy Secretary Hung Cao made the statement about the pause in arms sales at a Senate Appropriations Defense Subcommittee hearing. This is a specific U.S. congressional committee involved in defense funding.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; Taiwan's Presidential Office spokesperson Karen Kuo stated they had NOT received any relevant information about the U.S. adjusting military sales. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the U.S. is bound by law to provide Taiwan with self-defense means.

Explanation

The article specifically states that Reuters reported the new arms sale package could be worth up to $14 billion. This is a concrete data point for factual recall.

Explanation

U.S. Acting Navy Secretary Hung Cao explicitly said the pause was "in order to make sure we have the munitions we need for Epic Fury" which is the U.S. operation against Iran. This highlights how global conflict priorities can impact regional security commitments.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions Chief Justice of India Justice Surya Kant as the speaker. This is a factual recall question based on the news content.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect; the CJI stated the Constitution is NOT a privilege for a few cosmopolitans. Statement 2 is incorrect; the CJI sent a video message and did not attend the event physically. Statement 3 is correct as per the article's content.

Explanation

The article states: 'The comments from CJI came on Thursday (May 21, 2026) in a speech...'. May 22, 2026 is the publication date, a common distractor.

Explanation

The CJI's core argument is about the Constitution belonging equally to every citizen and its influence being measured in their lives, highlighting universal accessibility over elite privilege.

Explanation

The Ministry of Education is the nodal ministry for education policy and implementation in India, including the NEP 2020. The article discusses the Union Budget allocation to this ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as NEP 2020 explicitly calls for 6% GDP spending. Statement 2 is correct as per the article's data. Statement 3 is incorrect because while the spending is around 4.2% GDP, the article states it trails global benchmarks and the NEP target, indicating it does not fully meet the UNESCO benchmark.

Explanation

The article states: 'Union Budget 2026 allocates... a little over fifty-five thousand seven hundred crore (₹55,727 crore) for higher education.' ₹83,562 crore is for School Education, ₹1,850 crore is the specific support for states for higher education reforms, and ₹1,39,289 crore is the total education allocation.

Explanation

The article concludes that without bridging the funding gap, 'India risks missing its educational and broader developmental goals.' It links underinvestment to weaker human capital and slower growth compared to peers like China.

Explanation

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central bank and the primary agency responsible for maintaining exchange rate stability and managing the country's foreign exchange reserves, including decisions on market intervention.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article argues that a 'falling rupee' (due to speculation) may not lead to higher exports if buyers expect further price falls. Statement 2 is correct as per the article's distinction between a weak and a falling rupee. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly mentions Japan's 'decisive action' on the Yen in April 2026.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "Continuous days of sustained losses has seen the rupee close at almost ₹97 to the dollar..." This is the key data point triggering the analysis.

Explanation

The article specifically warns that a depreciating rupee makes imports more expensive. It highlights the risk of rising inflation due to higher costs of essential imported goods like oil, which affects fuel prices and has a cascading effect on the economy.

Explanation

The article mentions the National Investigation Agency (NIA) probing a UAPA case related to Syed Ifthikar Andrabi. The NIA is the specialized central agency tasked with investigating terror-related offences under laws like UAPA.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions the K.A. Najeeb judgment allowing bail for violation of speedy trial rights. Statement 2 is correct as Justice Nagarathna's bench stated this principle flows from Articles 21 and 22. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Centre argued against uniform application of the principle, questioning if it would apply to cases like Kasab.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that on May 18, a two-judge bench of Justices B V Nagarathna and Ujjal Bhuyan granted bail to Syed Ifthikar Andrabi and disagreed with earlier judgments. The other benches mentioned are hearing other cases or delivered the earlier conflicting judgments.

Explanation

The article quotes the bench stating that 'bail is the rule and jail is the exception is a constitutional principle flowing from articles 21 and 22, and the presumption of innocence is the cornerstone of any civilised society governed by the rule of law.' This is the core constitutional argument they used.

Explanation

As per the article, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank charged with maintaining financial stability and can intervene in the forex market by selling dollars from its reserves to defend the rupee or ensure its orderly movement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article explicitly states "the RBI does not target any specific exchange rate." Statement 2 is correct as the RBI's policy is to ensure "orderly" movement. Statement 3 is correct as policymakers like to have around 10 months of import cover, which limits how much forex the RBI can sell.

Explanation

The article states: "policymakers like to have around 10 months of import cover — a fancy way of describing a situation where India has enough dollars so that Indians can continue importing... for a period of at least 10 months."

Explanation

The article argues that a key reason the textbook solution may not work is that "A large part of India’s exports... are 're-exports'. In other words, these exports are essentially based on imported goods." A weaker rupee makes these imports costlier, which can cancel out the benefit of cheaper exports.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the resolution backed an 'International Court of Justice (ICJ) opinion' issued in July 2025. The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN and provides advisory opinions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The resolution is based on a non-binding ICJ advisory opinion and itself is a political, not legally binding, declaration. Statement 2 is correct as per the vote tally (141-8-28). Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states India abstained, while Germany, France, and the UK voted in favor.

Explanation

The article provides the exact figures: '141 votes in favour, eight against and 28 abstentions.' The other options are close but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article states that the ICJ opinion, though non-binding, 'has already begun influencing climate litigation around the world.' The UNGA resolution reinforces this normative shift, providing a political tool for activists and courts to hold governments accountable, even without creating new binding law.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is responsible for India's foreign policy and diplomatic engagements, including organizing international meetings like the Quad Foreign Ministers' Meeting. The article mentions the meeting was organized at the invitation of External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: the meeting is on May 26, 2026, in New Delhi. Statement 2 is correct as the article states the ministers will exchange views on advancing Quad cooperation and review progress. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article mentions the previous discussions were held in Washington, D.C. on July 1, 2025, not Tokyo.

Explanation

The article explicitly states, according to a US State Department spokesperson, that Secretary Rubio will travel to Kolkata, Agra, Jaipur, and New Delhi. This is a factual data point from the news.

Explanation

The article states the ministers will 'exchange views on advancing Quad cooperation across priority areas' in keeping with the 'Quad vision for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific'. This is the stated objective. While trade and security are discussed, the overarching goal is advancing FOIP cooperation.

Explanation

The Supreme Court judgment specifically references principles under the Indian Succession Act, 1925, which is the primary law governing testamentary succession (wills) for non-Muslims in India. The Hindu Succession Act deals with inheritance when there is no will.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the SC reiterated the requirement under the Indian Evidence Act. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Court clarified that mutation entries are for fiscal purposes and do not confer ownership. Statement 3 is incorrect; the Court explicitly ruled that exclusion of natural heirs alone cannot invalidate a Will.

Explanation

The article clearly states that B Sheena Nairi executed the Will on May 15, 1983. This date is a key factual detail from the case timeline.

Explanation

The core ruling protects the testator's freedom under the Indian Succession Act to bequeath property to anyone, not just immediate family. It clarifies that exclusion alone is not grounds for challenge, shifting the focus to proving the Will's genuineness.

Explanation

The five permanent members (P5) of the United Nations Security Council are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The article confirms China's role as a P5 member chairing the meeting. India, Germany, and Japan are not permanent members.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the visit is to Canada, not Mexico. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states it is the first visit in 10 years, not 5 years. Hence, only statement 1 is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the visit to Canada is from May 28 to 30, 2026. Counting inclusively, this spans three days (28th, 29th, and 30th).

Explanation

The article quotes the Ministry spokesperson stating China hopes the visit will "enhance political trust, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, manage differences and keep bilateral relations on a healthy, stable and sustainable track." The other options are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the complex is an 'ASI-protected monument'. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under the Ministry of Culture is responsible for the protection and maintenance of centrally protected monuments in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the ASI arrangement was from 2003, not 2013. Statement 3 is directly quoted from the article where the court said preservation was the state's constitutional responsibility. Hence, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'Until the Madhya Pradesh High Court judgment... worship at the monument operated under a 2003 ASI arrangement...' This is a key factual data point from the news.

Explanation

The article directly quotes the High Court stating 'the site remained a protected monument whose preservation was the constitutional responsibility of the state.' This is the core constitutional principle highlighted in the ruling, linking heritage conservation to state duty.

Explanation

The Gaganyaan mission is India's first human spaceflight program, which is being developed and executed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the national space agency.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: pressure is held at 101.3 kPa. Statement 2 is correct: the article mentions Soyuz has the option to depressurise as a last resort. Statement 3 is incorrect: for Gaganyaan's short-term mission, water is carried in pouches, not recycled; recycling is for long-duration missions.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Gaganyaan crew module is designed to maintain a comfortable environment with a temperature of 20-26°C. The other options are close distractors not mentioned.

Explanation

In microgravity, waste does not 'fall', so the system uses suction-based airflow to pull waste away from the body and prevent it from floating, which is crucial for hygiene and preventing contamination, as described in the article.