3 April 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

Article 324 of the Indian Constitution vests the superintendence, direction, and control of elections in the Election Commission of India. This is a fundamental static GK fact for Polity.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Supreme Court held that the ECI's plenary power under Article 324 can only be used where the field is 'unoccupied' by a statute. Statement 3 is correct as the All India Services Act, 1951 governs All India Services.

Explanation

As mentioned in the article, the Supreme Court's significant observations on the scope and limitations of Article 324 were made in the case of Mohinder Singh Gill and Anr. vs The Chief Election Commissioner, New Delhi and Ors. (1978).

Explanation

The article discusses the tension between the ECI's constitutional duty and the administrative autonomy of states. The unilateral transfer of state officials, who are under the control of the state government as per the All India Services Act, raises concerns about upsetting the balance inherent in India's federal structure, which is based on cooperation between the Centre and the States.

Explanation

As per the article, Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal replied to the discussion on the legislation in the Rajya Sabha. The bill aims to improve the business environment, which falls under the purview of the Commerce and Industry Ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions amendments across 79 laws administered by 23 ministries. Statement 2 is incorrect; the bill decriminalises 717 provisions, not 67. The 67 provisions are for 'ease of living' rationalisation. Statement 3 is correct as per the dates mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'Out of 784, 717 provisions are being amended for decriminalising minor offences and 67 to facilitate ease of living.' The other numbers are distractors: 784 is the total provisions amended, 717 are for decriminalisation, and 79 is the number of laws impacted.

Explanation

The article's core focus is on decriminalising minor offences to 'further improve the country's business environment' and help 'citizens and MSMEs'. It is a deregulation and ease-of-doing-business measure, not a revenue-generating or centralisation effort.

Explanation

As stated in the article, the right is rooted in Articles 14 (equality before law) and 16(1) (equality of opportunity in public employment) of the Constitution. Articles 19 and 21 relate to freedoms and life/liberty. Articles 32 and 226 are for enforcement. Articles 309 and 311 deal with service conditions and dismissal.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article explicitly states the Supreme Court distinguished between the right to be considered and the right to an actual promotion, ruling there is 'no fundamental right to promotion'. Statement 2 is correct as per the article. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the 1999 Ajit Singh case was decided by a five-judge Constitution Bench.

Explanation

The article states that the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered that DPCs 'must be held regularly, that is, every three months.' This is a specific factual detail from the news that can be tested.

Explanation

The article provides multiple examples where courts, including the Punjab & Haryana HC and Manipur HC, granted 'notional promotion with retroactive effect' or 'notional promotions from the date the original vacancies arose' to compensate employees for career progression lost due to state lapses and delays in convening DPCs.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) accorded approval for the acquisition. SEBI regulations apply, and CCI had given earlier approval, but the final banking sector approval came from RBI, the primary regulator for banks in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the voting rights are capped at 26% under Section 12(2) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, not 49%. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the approval has one year validity. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article specifically states that Emirates NBD expressed interest in October 2025 to acquire a majority 60% stake in RBL Bank for ₹26,853 crore. The other options are close but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article states that the provisions applicable to foreign banks operating in wholly owned subsidiary mode, as per RBI's 2025 Governance Directions, shall apply to RBL Bank. This is the direct regulatory implication of the ownership change, as mentioned in the fourth paragraph of the article.

Explanation

The article states that Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presided over the commissioning ceremonies. The Defence Minister heads the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the armed forces and major defence inductions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. INS Aridhaman is India's third SSBN, as INS Arihant and INS Arighaat were commissioned earlier. Statement 2 is correct as per the article which mentions the ATV project's ₹90,000 crore outlay. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly states this fact.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the four SSBN platforms are part of the ATV project with an estimated outlay of Rs 90,000 crore. The other options are distractors.

Explanation

The article's core theme is the enhancement of India's nuclear deterrent. The headline and opening paragraph explicitly state that the induction is 'in a major boost to its sea-based nuclear deterrent capabilities'. The other options describe other naval functions but are not the primary significance of an SSBN like INS Aridhaman.

Explanation

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is the adjudicating authority for insolvency proceedings against corporate debtors under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016. The article mentions NCLT overseeing the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'The NCLT must now admit applications once the default is proven.' Statement 2 is incorrect because CIIRP requires approval from at least 51% of 'specified financial creditors', not all creditors. Statement 3 is correct as the Select Committee recommended replacing criminal penalties with civil penalties for certain offences, which was incorporated into the Bill.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'As of December 2025, IBC has facilitated the resolution of 1,376 companies, helping creditors to recover 4.11 lakh crore.' The other figures are plausible distractors but not mentioned in the provided text.

Explanation

The article quotes the committee's observation that the RP may have a 'perverse incentive' to favour liquidation over resolution to secure additional fees, as the liquidator's remuneration is often a percentage of the liquidation estate, unlike the RP's fixed monthly salary. This directly points to a conflict of interest.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the Hague Convention of 1954, formulated under UNESCO, which provides for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. It establishes the Blue Shield emblem for marking protected sites.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because Kharg Island processes 90% (not 70%) of Iran's crude oil exports. Statement 3 is incorrect as the Litani River is the longest in Lebanon, not Syria. Hence, only statement 1 is correct.

Explanation

The article states that the Bab el-Mandeb Strait accounts for roughly 10 to 12 per cent of global oil and natural gas shipments. The 20-25% figure is a close distractor for the Strait of Hormuz.

Explanation

The article states that Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has emerged as its most effective strategic tool, allowing it to maintain leverage and stonewall US attempts to push for peace. This directly positions it as a tool for negotiation and coercion.

Explanation

The article states the submarine 'falls under the domain of the Strategic Forces'. The Strategic Forces Command (SFC) is the tri-service command responsible for the management and administration of India's nuclear weapons.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: INS Aridhaman is the *third* indigenously built SSBN, after INS Arihant and INS Arighaat. Statement 2 is correct as per the article: 'Aridhaman (S4) and S4* are bigger boats of about 7,000 tonnes.' Statement 3 is correct: the article states it can carry K-4 missiles with a range of about 3,500 km.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The K-4 missiles have a range of about 3,500 km and are developed as nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).' The other options are plausible distractors but not mentioned.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that the submarine 'falls under the domain of the Strategic Forces and is part of the country’s nuclear triad.' Its primary role is strategic deterrence. SSBNs like Aridhaman are valued for their stealth and survivability, which are critical for a credible second-strike capability, ensuring retaliation even after a first nuclear strike.

Explanation

As per the article, CoBRA is an elite force of the CRPF. This is a key static fact about India's security architecture, where specialized units like CoBRA are raised under existing central police forces for specific operational roles.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states Maoists controlled over 20,000 sq km for over 45 years as a 'liberated area'. Statement 2 is incorrect: The police chief attributed 80% of success to 'Human Intelligence', while drones and satellites were part of the remaining 20% ('the rest'). Statement 3 is correct: The secret letter from tribal commanders in 2024 and its rejection by the Central Committee is a central fact in the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Maoists controlled the area 'for over 45 years from 1980'. This is a precise data point crucial for factual recall in prelims-style questions.

Explanation

The article explains that the policy of creating camps gained momentum to establish a permanent presence in Maoist heartlands. The Maoists' planned attack on a CoBRA camp aimed to stop this policy, indicating its effectiveness in denying them safe havens and cutting their connection with local people.

Explanation

The article states the Bill was referred to a Select Committee on the same day it was introduced in Lok Sabha (August 12, 2025). This committee, chaired by Baijayant Panda, submitted its report with 11 recommendations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: CIIRP requires at least 51% of financial creditors to agree. Statement 2 is incorrect; the amendment mandates admission upon proven default but does not re-state or change the existing 14-day timeline for NCLT's decision. The article highlights that the 14-day rule exists but is often delayed. Statement 3 is correct as the Select Committee recommended replacing criminal penalties with civil penalties for certain offences, which was incorporated.

Explanation

The article provides the specific data point: 'As of December 2025, IBC has facilitated the resolution of 1,376 companies, helping creditors to recover 4.11 lakh crore.' The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the committee's observation: the RP may have a 'perverse incentive' to favour liquidation over resolution because a liquidator's remuneration is often a percentage of the liquidation estate, unlike the RP's fixed salary. This is a direct conflict of interest.

Explanation

The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, and its amendments are administered by the Department of Social Justice and Empowerment under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. This ministry is responsible for the welfare of marginalized communities, including transgender persons.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Act does NOT recognize self-identification; it requires a district magistrate-led process. Statement 2 is correct: The article states 'life imprisonment in the case of minors'. Statement 3 is correct: The article explicitly says it recognizes hijra, kinner etc., but does not recognize transmen, transwomen, non-binary.

Explanation

The article states: 'Introduced in the Lok Sabha on March 13, the law — passed in both Houses of Parliament and securing the President’s assent in 19 days'. This highlights the expedited passage of the legislation, a key factual detail for prelims.

Explanation

The article quotes activists fearing that the provision penalizing 'kidnapping' a person to 'force' them to become transgender could be used to prosecute community members and NGOs who provide crucial initial support to individuals after they come out, if family members file a complaint.

Explanation

The article mentions Ashok Gulati as a former chairman of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). This body, under the Ministry of Agriculture, recommends MSPs for various crops.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; experts argue that these subsidies DISCOURAGE diversification by making paddy and wheat more profitable. Statement 3 is correct, as proposed by expert Ashok Gulati.

Explanation

The article, quoting NITI Aayog member Ramesh Chand, states that maintaining the buffer stock of nearly 71 million tonnes of foodgrains costs around Rs 35,000 crore annually.

Explanation

The article highlights that institutions like Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) lack adequate funding for research into alternative crops and new seed varieties, which is critical for enabling farmers to shift from paddy and wheat.

Explanation

Part II of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 deals specifically with the enforcement of foreign awards, incorporating the provisions of the New York Convention, 1958. Part I deals with domestic arbitration.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Supreme Court explicitly held that a 'mere violation of a provision of a local law' does not meet the high threshold for refusing enforcement under the 'public policy' exception. Statement 2 is correct as the Court applied 'transnational issue estoppel'. Statement 3 is correct as the dispute was arbitrated at the SIAC.

Explanation

The arbitral tribunal awarded about Rs. 11,288 million in damages to the investors. The other figures are close distractors not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

By setting a high bar for challenging foreign awards, the Supreme Court reinforces the finality and reliability of international arbitration in India. This reduces enforcement delays and signals a pro-arbitration stance, which is crucial for attracting foreign investment.

Explanation

The article states the guidelines were issued by the director of the state Health and Family Welfare Department. This is the nodal department for healthcare institutions in the state.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the penalty is up to one year imprisonment, not three years. Statement 3 is correct as the guidelines mention calling 1098 immediately.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that failure to report would result in imprisonment for a term of up to one year and a fine. The other options are incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article's core purpose is stated in the first paragraph: reporting is mandated 'to facilitate the initiation of criminal proceedings under the POCSO Act'. The other options are not mentioned or are incorrect inferences.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The PLI Scheme for Pharmaceuticals was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2021...' The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, is the supreme executive decision-making body of the Government of India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The tariff is specifically on patented pharmaceuticals and ingredients, and generic drugs are exempt 'at this time'. Statement 2 is correct as per the article: 'The Secretary [of Commerce] found that...imports...threaten to impair the national security and economy.' Statement 3 is correct: The article states Sun Pharma reported global sales of '$1,217 million from patented products in FY25, of which the US market accounted for 85-90%'.

Explanation

The article directly quotes Ajay Srivastava: 'In 2025, India exported $9.7 billion worth of pharmaceuticals to the US...' $1.2 billion refers to Sun Pharma's patented product sales. $25.8 billion is India's global pharma exports.

Explanation

The article states: 'Trade experts said the US could use tariffs mainly as a pressure tool, not to raise revenue but to push drugmakers to cut prices in the US, shift some manufacturing locally, and to gain greater control over critical pharmaceutical supply chains...' The other options are not supported as the primary objective by the article's content.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'The State Bank of India (SBI) Research estimates that prolonged tensions could place Rs 13.75 lakh crore of corporate sector revenue in 18 segments at risk.'

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states 'corporate earnings could take a significant hit, potentially declining by 10-15% in the financial year 2027 (FY27)'. Statement 2 is incorrect because most experts expect the conflict to be resolved within 2-3 months, not persist for years. Statement 3 is correct as the article lists these sectors as 'among the sectors that are expected to be the worst hit'.

Explanation

The article states: 'In a severe scenario, revenue losses may reach Rs 2.75 lakh crore which is equivalent to 0.8% of GDP.' The mild scenario is 0.4% and the baseline is 0.2%.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The primary transmission channel is energy. Crude prices have surged, pushing up costs...' It further notes West Asia furnishes approximately 60% of India's crude oil imports, making energy costs the key channel.

Explanation

As mentioned in the article, NHSRCL officials provided the progress update. NHSRCL is the special purpose vehicle specifically established to implement high-speed rail projects in India, including the MAHSR corridor.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article clearly states the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) was used, not TBM. Statement 3 is correct, detailing the project's length and connectivity. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that '343 km viaduct... have been completed.' 280 km is the stretch with noise barriers, 434 km is the pier work completed, and 508 km is the total project length.

Explanation

As per the static GK linkage, NATM's core principle is using the inherent strength of the surrounding rock for support, making it a flexible and often cost-effective method suitable for varying geological conditions, unlike rigid pre-fabricated support systems.

Explanation

The article states that Section 1250A of the NDAA 2024 requires a two-thirds Senate supermajority or an act of Congress for NATO withdrawal. The Senate is the specific body mentioned for providing the 'supermajority' approval.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. The article states the immediate trigger was frustration over allies not sending military assets to assist in the Iran war, specifically to secure the Strait of Hormuz. The defense spending issue is a constant refrain, not the immediate trigger. Statement 2 is incorrect, as Section 1250A prohibits unilateral withdrawal, requiring Congressional/Senate approval. Statement 3 is correct, as the article explicitly mentions this as part of Trump's 'simultaneous pursuit of American global dominance and splendid isolation'.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The U.S. appears poised to break with 77 years of partnership with Western European nations under the security umbrella of NATO.' This is the key factual data point provided.

Explanation

The article concludes that 'the shock of a partner-nation abandoning its commitments worldwide will likely lead to a recalibration of trust and strategic calculus, ultimately remaking the rules-based international order.' This is the core analytical impact presented. The other options are either extreme (automatic dissolution), speculative (oil prices), or not identified as the primary implication (immediate conflict).

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the IAEA providing the estimate about Iran's potential to produce bomb material. The IAEA is the UN's nuclear watchdog responsible for verifying compliance with safeguards agreements under the NPT.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's technical breakdown. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states the gun-type design is LESS efficient, requiring 50-60 kg for a 20 kt yield, while the implosion-type is more efficient, requiring 15-18 kg. Statement 3 is correct, directly referencing Prof. Postol's analysis in the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Iran is expected to have around 500 kg of uranium enriched to 60%.' This is a key data point regarding Iran's nuclear material stockpile.

Explanation

The article highlights that the gun-type design's key strategic caveat is its simplicity, allowing for potential deployment without the need for a test explosion. This makes it harder for the international community to detect weaponization progress, as testing is a major indicator. The other options are incorrect: the design does not speed up enrichment, it requires MORE uranium, and miniaturization remains a separate challenge.

Explanation

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority established under Article 324. It is responsible for the superintendence, direction, and control of the entire process for conducting elections, including enforcing the Model Code of Conduct for political parties and candidates.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states "55% of Indians preferred YouTube as their news source." Statement 2 is incorrect: The article quotes Maduri Kakoti saying the algorithm shows "more and more" of the same type of content, not less, catering to confirmation bias. Statement 3 is correct: The article explicitly mentions the Amity University study finding "72% of Gen Z respondents regularly consume political content on Instagram, less than a fourth of them are actually motivated to engage in political participation."

Explanation

The article clearly states: "37% now turn to Instagram — the largest rise in news consumption recorded across any platform." The 55% figure is for YouTube, making it the most preferred source, but the question specifically asks for Instagram's percentage.

Explanation

The article quotes political consultant Talha Rashid stating that Instagram's short-form format is a "double-edged sword" because "Short-form videos cherry-pick facts and are often out-of-context, enabling them to easily seed false information." This is identified as a key challenge, distinct from the other options which are not the primary focus of the analysis presented.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the release is "as recommended by the 16th Finance Commission." The Finance Commission is a constitutional body established under Article 280. NITI Aayog is a policy think tank, the Inter-State Council addresses inter-state disputes, and the Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The article states it is the "first instalment for the current financial year." Statement 2 is correct: Tied grants are ₹371.91 crore, untied are ₹247.94 crore. Statement 3 is correct: The article says "it is the responsibility of the State Government to provide matching grants equal to the Central allocation."

Explanation

The article clearly states: "The total allocation to the State under the 14th and 15th Finance Commissions stands at ₹14,110 crore." ₹5,060 crore was released under the 14th FC, ₹9,050 crore under the 15th FC, and ₹11,111 crore had been released before January 2026.

Explanation

The article specifies: "In the event of delays, State Governments are required to disburse the funds along with interest calculated at rates applicable to market borrowings or State Development Loans (SDLs)." The other options are not mentioned as consequences in the provided article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the National Green Tribunal (NGT), chaired by Justice Prakash Shrivastava, issued the order on March 24, 2026. The NGT is a specialized judicial body for environmental cases.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the NGT explicitly said "these tankers should be fitted with GPS." Statement 2 is incorrect; the order addresses pollution in the Alaknanda river, a tributary of the Ganga, not the Bhagirathi. Statement 3 is correct as the NGT directed UKPCB to "maintain constant vigilance in respect of compliance of the environmental norms" during the pilgrimage season.

Explanation

The article states: "In 2025, the yatra witnessed crossing 51 lakh visitors in 2025." The other numbers are plausible distractors but not mentioned in the text.

Explanation

The article explains that the GPS directive is "aimed at introducing traceability and accountability in the movement of septage" to ensure tankers discharge waste only at designated STPs and prevent illegal dumping. The other options are not the primary objectives mentioned.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) meeting to direct departments to address problems arising from the war. The CCS is the apex body for national security and strategic affairs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect as the article states the energy shock 'will take longer to dissipate' and oil prices will remain high for months. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article argues this effort 'must continue', implying it is not yet sufficient. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the Strait of Hormuz and its control being 'key to what lies next'.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the address was Trump's first 'since ordering strikes on Iran on February 28'. This is a direct factual recall from the news content.

Explanation

The article explains that even if the war ends in 2-3 weeks, the energy shock will persist. Oil prices will remain high, and repairing infrastructure and renewing contracts will take months. Therefore, the economy must be prepared for these prolonged effects, not just the conflict itself.

Explanation

The article mentions B.L. Verma, the Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment, responding to a question in Parliament regarding the amendment. This ministry is the nodal agency for the welfare of transgender persons in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly states the amendment removes the right to self-identification. Statement 2 is correct as the article mentions the amendment includes a section on offences related to 'compelling' outward presentation. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article details significant opposition from health practitioners (like IAAPS and Mariwala Health Initiative), who warn of adverse consequences.

Explanation

The article states that the statement issued by the Mariwala Health Initiative, as of April 1, 2026, had been signed by 1062 mental health practitioners. The other numbers are close distractors: 'over 1300' refers to IAAPS specialists, and the others are not mentioned.

Explanation

As quoted by Dr. Medha Bhave in the article, the fear of legal action may stop doctors from providing care. This creation of access barriers could force individuals to choose unsafe procedures, thereby increasing the risk of quackery. The other options are not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the US and Iran were engaged in 'Oman-brokered negotiations' and that the Omani Foreign Minister, Al Busaidi, was involved. Oman has a history of neutral diplomacy in the region.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article which mentions the attack happened when 'Oman-brokered negotiations' were underway with 'excellent progress'. Statement 2 is correct as the article quotes Netanyahu's dream of 'an Iran not ruled by the Revolutionary Guards'. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article identifies fertilisers (due to LNG feedstock), the rupee, and industries like steel and cement as impacted, not IT and pharmaceuticals.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'The attacks launched on February 28 are completely illegal...'. February 25 and 26 are mentioned as dates when negotiations were progressing and the Omani Foreign Minister sensed trouble, respectively.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'For India, the foremost impact is on fertilisers, which use LNG as a feedstock, with the sowing season beginning soon. Fertiliser prices will be higher.' The other options are not mentioned as primary impacts.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the '2014 NALSA judgment' as the case where the Supreme Court recognised the right to self-identify one's gender as an inviolable facet of dignity. This is the foundational case for transgender rights in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The court rejected discarding the whole epilogue; it only deleted specific paragraphs. Statement 2 is incorrect: The epilogue critiqued a proposed amendment for potentially diluting rights, not the original Act for being too liberal. Statement 3 is correct, as directly quoted from the article that the court said the text was included 'by mistake'.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'the court said on April 2' and refers to 'The April 2, 2026 order'. March 30 is the date of the original judgment, making April 2 the correct date for the correction order.

Explanation

The article states the epilogue warned that the amendment 'risked converting this right [self-identification] into a contingent, state-mediated entitlement'. It emphasised that self-identification was recognised by the Supreme Court as an inviolable facet of dignity, which the amendment threatened to depart from.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the Rajasthan High Court modified its judgment delivered on Monday and issued a clarificatory order on Thursday regarding the Transgender Amendment Act.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states the court struck down the Rajasthan government's notification placing all transgender persons in the OBC category. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article clearly states the court deleted its remarks criticizing the amendment. Statement 3 is incorrect: The court ordered a 3% additional weightage in marks, not a 3% reservation quota.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the bench 'directed the state government to grant a three per cent additional weightage in marks for transgender candidates across all reservation categories in public employment and educational institutions, until a comprehensive reservation policy is framed.'

Explanation

The article explains that the court struck down the notification because 'placing all transgender persons into the OBC category effectively extinguished the pre-existing reservation benefits of transgender individuals born into SC or ST communities, forcing them to choose between their gender identity and their caste-based reservation benefit.'

Explanation

The article repeatedly mentions the 'eSafety regulator' and 'eSafety report' in the context of investigating platforms and reporting on compliance. The eSafety Commissioner is Australia's independent regulator for online safety.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states Australia's ban is 'the first such ban'. Statement 2 is correct as it mentions the 'reasonable steps' requirement and the fine of 'up to A$49.5 million'. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article specifies the figure is 'nearly one-third' (approximately 30%), not over 50%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'the government reported in mid-January that social media platforms had deactivated 4.7 million suspected underage accounts'. The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article directly states that 'U.S. trial verdicts' against Meta and Google for safety lapses and designing harmful platforms have 'helped the court of public opinion' and are 'likely emboldening Australia to go after platforms'. This external legal pressure strengthens Australia's regulatory position.

Explanation

The judgment explicitly states that the right to health under Article 21 is a positive mandate requiring the state to provide specialized medical infrastructure. The Supreme Court has repeatedly read the right to health into Article 21.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the deadline for setting up units is 120 days, not 90 days (which is for staff training). Statement 3 is incorrect; the committee is to be headed by the Principal Secretary (Health), not the Chief Secretary.

Explanation

The article clearly states a 90-day deadline for mandatory capacity-building of medical staff. The 120-day deadline is specifically for setting up the fully functional burn units themselves.

Explanation

The court observed that the proceedings brought to light a systemic deficiency in providing specialized, time-sensitive medical infrastructure for burn trauma, which it linked to the state's obligation under Article 21. While other options may be related issues, the core deficiency identified was the lack of specialized infrastructure.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that various bilateral issues were deliberated at the India-Russia Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Cooperation (IRIGC-TEC), which was co-chaired by Mr. Manturov and Mr. Jaishankar.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as confirmed by the Russian readout in the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article says Iran 'virtually blocked' the Strait of Hormuz, causing strain and disruptions, but not a 'complete stoppage of all oil supplies'. Statement 3 is correct as per the outcomes of the 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article directly states: 'An analysis by The Hindu of data from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry shows that India imported $1.98 billion worth of crude oil from Russia in January 2026.' The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors.

Explanation

The article highlights the West Asia crisis driving volatility and supply disruptions. Accepting Russian offers helps India diversify its sources away from the volatile Strait of Hormuz route, which is a core component of energy security strategy. The other options are extreme or not supported by the article's content.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the three-language formula is mandated under the new National Education Policy (NEP). While the three-language concept is older, its implementation from Class 6 as described is a direct mandate of NEP 2020.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The three-language formula starts from Class 6, not Class 9. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article clearly states performance in the advanced paper will NOT be added to the overall aggregate. Statement 3 is correct: The two-level system begins in 2026-27 for Class 9, and the first board exams for Class 10 will be in 2028.

Explanation

The article specifies that the advanced component consists of a separate 25-mark, one-hour paper. The 3-hour, 80-mark paper is for the standard mandatory exam. The other options are distractors based on these numbers.

Explanation

The article states the advanced paper is designed to test higher-order thinking skills and deeper conceptual understanding, and its score is reported separately, not added to the overall aggregate. This allows proficient students to demonstrate advanced skills without the risk of lowering their percentage if they perform poorly, and it does not disadvantage those taking only the standard level.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) questioned the VJNL's calculation of water availability for the Yettinahole project. The CAG is India's supreme audit institution under Article 148 of the Constitution.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article's design details. Statement 2 is incorrect; the project was approved in July 2012, not 2014 (2014 was a year of cost revision). Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions rainfall data since 2017 projects an average availability of 18 TMCft.

Explanation

The article clearly states: "As of the end of February 2026, the cumulative expenditure stood at ₹18,205.55 crore." The other options are distractors: ₹8,323.5 crore was the original 2012 estimate, ₹12,912.36 crore was the 2014 revised cost, and ₹23,251.66 crore is the latest 2023 revised estimate.

Explanation

The article's core objective is stated as: "The project aims to provide drinking water and fill the tanks in the drought-prone districts..." and later reiterates, "This is primarily a drinking water project." While other benefits may occur, the primary purpose is drinking water and tank filling.

Explanation

The article mentions the analysis is from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study. The GBD is a flagship research program coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article states 85% of new cases occurred in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), not high-income countries. Statement 3 is correct as mentioned for nations like India. Hence, option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: "The analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases... also estimated 377,000 new cases of childhood cancer worldwide in 2023." The other options are plausible distractors but incorrect.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that disparities in burden are due to "delays in diagnosis, lack of access to essential cancer treatment, and other health system limitations" in LMICs, not primarily genetics, vaccinations, or climate change.

Explanation

As mentioned in the article, BIRAC functions under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. It is a key agency for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in the biotechnology sector.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the article explicitly states start-ups are working in cutting-edge domains like CRISPR and precision fermentation. Statement 3 is correct as the hostel project is under RKVY.

Explanation

The article states: 'Significantly, the incubated companies have filed 12 patents so far.' This is a precise data point relevant for factual recall in preliminary exams.

Explanation

The article states: 'BIRAC-BioNEST has been developed to nurture entrepreneurial talent in food bioprocessing and biotechnology research.' The other options are either not mentioned or are misinterpretations of the centre's supportive, not replacement or exclusive, role.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India's nuclear-powered submarine project involved both private firms and the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), with help from Russia.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: INS Aridhaman is the third SSBN, after INS Arihant and INS Arighaat. Statement 2 is correct: The article mentions it is equipped with eight vertical launch tubes for missiles like the K-4. Statement 3 is correct: It is described as a 7,000-tonne vessel, larger than its predecessors.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the longer-range K-4 nuclear-capable SLBMs can hit targets 3,500 km away. The 750 km range is for the K-15 missiles.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that SSBNs guarantee India's second-strike capability. Should an adversary deliver a first nuclear strike on India's land and air bases, an SSBN can launch a retaliatory nuclear attack, which is central to India's 'no first use' deterrence doctrine.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the 'NITI Aayog’s Composite Water Management Index (CWMI) report of 2019'. NITI Aayog is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, which replaced the Planning Commission.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the first line of the article. Statement 2 is incorrect; the article says 'almost 95 per cent of Indian households have access to basic drinking water' but clarifies that tap water connections do not automatically mean the water is functional or used for drinking. Statement 3 is correct as the article explicitly mentions the World Bank's definition of water scarcity.

Explanation

The article states: 'According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data, women aged 15 and above are responsible for water collection in around 71 per cent of rural households in India.' The other figures are distractors: 54% is the percentage of rural women spending 35 minutes daily (UNICEF), 80% was access in early 2000s, and 92% is current rural access to basic drinking water.

Explanation

The article argues that narratives around water scarcity often see women 'as invisible or passive victims, whose primary role is to fetch water,' which hides their importance as farmers and managers. It calls for policies that 'incorporate women’s knowledge, experiences, and leadership.' The other options, while related to water governance, are not the primary gendered reason emphasized in the article's analysis.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions 'Indian policymakers (read Reserve Bank of India)' in the context of aiming for a 4% inflation rate. The RBI, under the Monetary Policy Framework, is the nodal body for inflation targeting in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 'The RBI’s comfort zone ranges between 2% to 6% of inflation'. Statement 2 is correct as inferred from the HSBC table analysis: 'with a moderate El Niño effect, inflation in India will stay within the RBI’s comfort zone... even if crude oil prices stay close to $100 a barrel'. Statement 3 is incorrect; the article states inflation was 'closer to 2%' at the end of 2025-26, not 6%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'following his speech, Brent crude oil prices for future contracts... shot up to almost $110 per barrel. The spot prices reportedly skyrocketed to over $141 per barrel'. The key data point for spot price is 'over $141 per barrel'.

Explanation

The article directly states: 'As the inflation rate moves from the green zone to the red zone, the chances of RBI raising interest rates go up.' The 'green zone' refers to inflation within the RBI's comfort zone (2-6%), and the 'red zone' refers to inflation breaching the upper limit of 6%.

Explanation

As per the article, the Ministry of Education declared NCERT a deemed university under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956. This section empowers the Central Government, on the advice of the UGC, to declare institutions of excellence as deemed universities.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect. UNCLOS Article 44 states coastal states 'shall not hamper' or suspend transit passage. Statement 2 is correct; DPSUs' exports surged by 151%, while private firms grew by 14%. Statement 3 is correct; the article states childhood cancers were the eighth leading cause of death globally.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India's defence exports reached a record Rs 38,424 crore in FY 2025-26. ₹23,622 crore was the previous year's figure. The other options are close distractors.

Explanation

The article mentions Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri underlined the principles of 'freedom of navigation' and 'unimpeded transit' at the UK-convened meeting. This is grounded in UNCLOS provisions for international straits. While 'right of innocent passage' applies to territorial seas, 'transit passage' is the specific right for straits used for international navigation.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN's global maritime regulator and is pushing for a safe maritime corridor. The IMO is responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The article states this is the first time since WWII that so many sailors are stuck in a war zone. Statement 2 is incorrect: The article says the strait carries one-fifth (1/5), not half, of the world's oil and gas. Statement 3 is correct: Simon Grainge of the International Seafarers' Welfare and Assistance Network confirmed this to The New York Times.

Explanation

The article states that 'Brent crude has surged 50%+ since the war began' on February 28. The other options are plausible but incorrect distractors given the context of a major supply shock.

Explanation

The article frames the crisis within the context of 'Economic Warfare' and states that Iran's control of the strait has 'roiled stock markets, sent oil prices skyrocketing, and threatened to raise the cost of basic goods'. This directly points to using the chokepoint for economic and strategic leverage.