23 June 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the nodal ministry for internal security, immigration, and deportation policies. The article mentions MHA's policy notification and standard operating procedures for detection and deportation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the Act consolidated and repealed four laws including the Foreigners Act, 1946. Statement 2 is correct: Section 16 places the burden on the individual. Statement 3 is incorrect: the term 'pushback' has no statutory definition in Indian law.

Explanation

The article states West Bengal CM Suvendu Adhikari said on June 7 that 4,800 'illegal infiltrators' have been deported to Bangladesh over the past one month. This is a specific data point likely to be tested in exams.

Explanation

The MHA policy mandated holding centres with 10-feet-high barbed wire boundaries to restrict movement of undocumented migrants until they are deported. This is a security and enforcement measure, not a welfare initiative.

Explanation

The article states that the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) notified the amendment. MHA regulates foreign donations under FCRA to ensure internal security.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: FCRA registration is valid for five years. Statement 2 is incorrect: the amendment broadens the definition beyond office bearers and directors to include trustees, partners, Karta of HUF, and governing body members. Statement 3 is correct: NGOs must mandatorily disclose social media accounts. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that as on June 22, there are 14,456 FCRA-registered NGOs active. 18,000 is the approximate number of NGOs whose registrations have been cancelled since 2015. 22,000 crore is the annual foreign contribution amount.

Explanation

The article mentions that using foreign funds for unapproved purposes or areas attracts a penalty of up to 30% of the amount or ₹1 lakh, whichever higher. The other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article mentions Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal leading the talks, and the meeting is held at Vanijya Bhawan, the headquarters of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. This ministry handles India's trade negotiations and agreements.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the sweeping tariffs. Statement 2 is correct as the Trump administration announced 10% tariffs under Section 122 for 150 days, expiring July 24, 2026. Statement 3 is incorrect because India's trade surplus declined to $34.4 billion in 2025-26 from $40.89 billion in 2024-25.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that New Delhi has expressed intentions to purchase $500 billion of U.S. energy products, aircraft and aircraft parts, precious metals, technology products, and coking coal over the next five years.

Explanation

The article highlights that with all countries now facing the same 10% additional levy, India needs to negotiate a favorable tariff edge in the trade pact to regain its comparative advantage over competitors such as ASEAN nations, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

Explanation

CDSCO is the national regulatory body for drugs and cosmetics functioning under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It coordinates with state drug control authorities for drug quality enforcement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct - the word 'syrup' was omitted from Entry 13. Statement 2 is correct - Schedule K provides exemptions. Statement 3 is incorrect - the amendment removes the exemption, meaning cough syrups must now be sold only through licensed pharmacies even in small villages.

Explanation

Entry 13 of Schedule K of the Drugs Rules, 1945 earlier permitted cough syrup sale in villages with population less than 1,000 without compliance with certain retail licensing provisions. This exemption has now been removed.

Explanation

As per the article, experts like Dr. Sargunam called the amendment 'superficial' because the core issue is manufacturing quality and presence of toxic contaminants like DEG, not the point of sale. They emphasized the need for stronger monitoring of raw materials and mandatory quality certification before products reach the market.

Explanation

The article states that the OBR, the UK's independent fiscal watchdog, forecast a 15% decline in exports and imports of goods and services as the long-term impact of Brexit on trade.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Bank of England data shows a 6% economic hit. Statement 2 is incorrect: 57% of Britons consider Brexit a mistake, not that they support it. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions six PMs resigned without completing full term.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 57% of Britons (as per a recent survey) now consider the decision a mistake. 51.9% is the share that voted to leave in 2016, which is a common confusion point.

Explanation

The article notes that with the end of free movement, the supply of cheap EU labour dried up, and the UK has seen a sharp rise in recruitment of non-EU workers, granting a record number of non-EU visas while continuing to use more than 4,000 EU laws.

Explanation

The article states that the Kheer Bhawani Temple is managed by the Jammu and Kashmir Dharmarth Trust, which was established by the Dogra rulers to manage Hindu temples in the region.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: India needs 1.8 million firefighters. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article states current number is around 3,00,000 (not 2,00,000). Statement 3 is correct: each state is short by 707 fire trucks on average.

Explanation

The article mentions that pedestrian deaths surged from 13,894 in 2015 to 36,526 in 2024, an increase of 163%. Option A is the 2015 figure.

Explanation

The Supreme Court stated that a law would be crucial to holding officials and departments accountable for addressing violations of pedestrian rights. The judgment does not ban vehicles or automatically increase compensation; it establishes the right and calls for a law.

Explanation

The article states that the Union Home Ministry issued the gazette notification amending FCRA rules. The FCRA is administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs, which oversees foreign contributions to ensure they do not threaten internal security.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: every application shall mention purposes chosen from the Schedule. Statement 2 is incorrect: proselytisation is excluded only from certain categories (religious education, documentation of faith traditions, preservation of indigenous beliefs), not completely banned. Statement 3 is correct: NGOs must provide details of their social media accounts in applications for registration or renewal.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'the government has introduced a minimum spending limit of Rs 10 lakh of foreign contribution on its chosen activities over the last two financial years' for renewal or to avoid cancellation. The other options are plausible distractors.

Explanation

The article states that the amendments tighten accountability for how NGOs receive and use foreign money. Requiring specific purposes and area of operation ensures that foreign contributions are used for declared objectives, preventing diversion and enhancing oversight. Options A and C are secondary or unintended; D is not supported by the text.

Explanation

The article refers to the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) bulletin released on June 22, 2026. RBI is the central bank responsible for monetary policy in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: repo rate increased 250 bps from May 2022 to Jan 2025. Statement 2 is incorrect: during the easing cycle, WADR on fresh deposits dipped 85 bps, not increased. Statement 3 is correct: credit growth was 17.7% in May 2026. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article states that weighted average lending rates overall increased 182 bps during rate hikes. 259 bps is the increase in deposit rates, 85 bps is the rate cut amount, and 250 bps is the repo rate hike.

Explanation

When credit grows faster than deposits, banks face a funding gap, potentially leading to liquidity stress. This may force banks to raise deposit rates or slow lending. The article highlights the widening wedge as a concern for financial stability.

Explanation

The article mentions that the Constituent Assembly set up an Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas under the Chairmanship of Sardar Patel. This committee discussed the matter of making voting a fundamental right.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the Supreme Court has held that the right to vote is NOT a fundamental right - it is statutory. Statement 2 is correct as per the article. Statement 3 is correct as the article states both are statutory in nature. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article specifically states that the committee convened on the morning of April 21, 1947, in the Council Chamber of the Council House (now Old Parliament House).

Explanation

The article explains that Ambedkar argued that if voting is a fundamental right, then the legislature and executive cannot alter it. It would be justiciable and enforceable by courts. Currently, it is a statutory right that can be modified by ordinary legislation.

Explanation

The article is written by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, indicating that this ministry leads trade agreement negotiations. The Ministry of External Affairs handles diplomatic relations, while Finance deals with tariffs and revenue, but Commerce and Industry is the nodal ministry for FTAs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because dairy, cereals, millets, apples, oats and cooking oils are explicitly excluded to protect domestic farmers. Statement 3 is correct: the Double Contribution Convention benefits over 75,000 Indian professionals and 900 companies.

Explanation

The article states that CETA will 'immediately eliminate tariffs on about 99 per cent of tariff lines'. The other options are close distractors: 100% is not accurate because sensitive sectors are excluded, and 90% or 95% are not mentioned.

Explanation

The article explains that the Double Contribution Convention exempts Indian workers and employers from making dual social-security contributions in the UK during temporary assignments, ensuring continued coverage in India. It does not affect tariffs or provide unlimited mobility.

Explanation

Crop insurance schemes, including the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), are implemented under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The article mentions expediting crop surveys and insurance payments, which fall under this ministry's purview.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article mentions 42.8% deficit. Statement 2 is incorrect: the forecast says El Niño will be 'strong' during August-September and 'very strong' over October-January. Statement 3 is correct: the article explicitly mentions that the last two such events (2023-24 and 2015-16) produced drought years.

Explanation

The article clearly states: 'cumulative all-India rainfall this season (June-September) till June 22 being 42.8 per cent below the normal average for this period.' The other options are close distractors based on other dates mentioned in the passage.

Explanation

The article argues that keeping imports open is preferable to knee-jerk export bans/restrictions because it helps manage supply-side pressures and prevents food inflation. The context is that El Niño threatens crop yields, and maintaining supply via imports can stabilise prices.

Explanation

The report is specifically published by UNICEF, as mentioned in the article. The other options are UN agencies but not responsible for this report. UNICEF focuses on child welfare and climate risks to children.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: India ranks fifth in multi-hazard exposure score, not first. Statement 2 is correct: India scores 10/10 in extreme heat exposure, the highest. Statement 3 is correct: the article states 55% of Indian children are exposed to at least three hazards. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'almost 99% of children are exposed to air pollution' in India. The other options are close distractors; 100% is not accurate as it is 'almost 99%'.

Explanation

The report recommends 'examining the status of child-critical social systems and services' as an indicator of capacity. The child vulnerability score (0-10) reflects that. GDP or number of laws are not primary indicators used in the report.

Explanation

The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) oversees the ship recycling sector, as highlighted in the article where Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal commented on the achievement. The ministry introduced the Recycling of Ships Act, 2019 and other policy measures.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: 2.99 million GT recycled, a nearly 60% increase. Statement 2 is incorrect: India ratified the Hong Kong Convention in 2019, not 2025. Statement 3 is correct: ₹53.5 crore was provided to modernize 115 yards. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that India captured 35.4% of the global ship recycling market in 2025. The other options are close distractors, but 35.4% is the exact figure mentioned in the title and the UNCTAD report.

Explanation

The article explains that the Ship-breaking Credit Note Scheme offers incentives to ship owners by allowing them to use credits earned from recycling vessels towards the purchase of new ships built in Indian shipyards. This promotes a circular economy and supports domestic shipbuilding.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions Trump's fear of being compared to Herbert Hoover, the US president during the onset of the Great Depression. Franklin D. Roosevelt succeeded Hoover and implemented the New Deal.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Trump said 'Nuclear weapon supersedes depression.' Statement 2 is incorrect because the article says economic fears (including comparison to Hoover) led him to sign the ceasefire, not solely military pressure. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions Netanyahu's stated intention to keep troops in southern Lebanon, which appears to contradict the ceasefire.

Explanation

Trump's exact quote was 'Nuclear weapon supersedes depression,' meaning the threat of a nuclear-armed Iran is considered more severe than the risk of an economic depression.

Explanation

Trump explicitly stated that the nuclear threat outweighs the risk of depression, indicating a willingness to accept economic fallout (from military strikes) to achieve non-proliferation goals. This is a direct application of his stated hierarchy of threats.

Explanation

Grants-in-aid to states are channeled through the Ministry of Finance, based on recommendations of the Finance Commission and under centrally sponsored schemes. The article mentions central grants-in-aid rising sharply, which is a function of the Finance Ministry.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the revenue deficit fell from 2.07% to 1.02% of GSDP. Statement 2 is incorrect: the fiscal deficit is 2.91% of GSDP, which is below the 3% FRBM ceiling. Statement 3 is correct: central grants rose from ₹22,068.85 crore (revised) to ₹71,393.19 crore, an increase of about ₹49,325 crore.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Finance Minister Swapan Dasgupta announced a total allocation of Rs 4.39 lakh crore for 2026-27. The other options are plausible distractors but not mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The article mentions that the budget gives impetus to social welfare while looking to boost infrastructure and industrial sector. The central grants flow through schemes like PMAY-G, Gramin Sadak Yojana, Ayushman Bharat, and PM-Kisan, all aimed at welfare and infrastructure. While reducing borrowing may be a side effect, the stated objective is welfare and development.

Explanation

The Environment Protection Act, 1986 is administered by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). ESAs are notified by this ministry after considering recommendations from expert committees and state governments.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Kasturirangan panel recommended ESA status for only 60,000 sq km (natural landscape), not the entire Ghats. Statement 2 is correct: The Gadgil panel identified 1,29,037 sq km and proposed ESA for the whole area. Statement 3 is correct: The July 2024 draft notification introduced a phased state-wise or combined notification option.

Explanation

The Kasturirangan panel classified 40% of the Western Ghats (60,000 sq km) as 'natural landscape' with high biological richness and proposed it for ESA. The 56,825.7 sq km figure is the reduced area in the latest draft notification after state inputs.

Explanation

States argue that ESA restrictions on mining, red category industries, and large constructions would adversely affect agriculture (e.g., cardamom, pepper), plantations, and industrial activities. Kerala has sought exclusion of villages in Idukki and Cardamom Hills, while Karnataka has rejected the Kasturirangan recommendations entirely.

Explanation

The article mentions that the US is completing its Section 301 investigation against India. Section 301 allows the US to impose tariffs or other restrictions on countries it finds engaging in unfair trade practices. Section 232 deals with national security, Section 201 with safeguard measures, and Section 337 with unfair import practices like IP infringement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: the article clearly states that India's trade surplus declined over 40% to $2.94 billion in May 2026 from $5.02 billion in May 2025. Statement 2 is correct: Indian public sector refiners signed a one-year deal for 2.2 MTPA of US LPG. Statement 3 is correct: the US Supreme Court declared the 50% duty illegal in February 2026.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India's export surplus slipped to $2.94 billion in May 2026 from $5.02 billion in May 2025. The other options are distractors: $5.02 billion is the May 2025 figure.

Explanation

Farm groups highlighted that US agricultural subsidies (through the Farm Bill and positive PSE) allow US products to be sold cheaply, and allowing such subsidised imports would destroy domestic production of apples, almonds, walnuts, soybean, cotton, and rubber. They urged India not to commit to farm imports under the trade deal.

Explanation

NEET is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education. CBSE used to conduct it earlier, but since 2019, NTA has been the exam-conducting body.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the arrests happened in Lakhisarai, Bihar. Statement 2 is correct: biometric personnel facilitated the fraud. Statement 3 is incorrect because dummy candidates were from Bihar, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Jharkhand, not only Bihar. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The police statement mentioned that 18 biometric system personnel, including supervisors, have been named in the case. 30 is the total number of arrests, which includes dummy candidates, facilitators, and biometric personnel. 12 and 10 are distractors.

Explanation

The racket revealed that biometric personnel actively colluded with candidates, indicating that technology alone is insufficient without strict supervision and accountability. This highlights systemic security flaws in examination processes, which can undermine merit-based admissions.

Explanation

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey is a flagship survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), which operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The PMEAC is an advisory body, and the FAO is a UN agency. Hence option B is correct.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly states that 20% of the urban population cannot afford two thalis at Rs 30 each per day. Statement 2 is correct because the article says youth unemployment was close to 10% in 2025, which is thrice the overall labour force rate. Statement 3 is incorrect: the article clearly states that real wages have declined over the past five years. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'data from the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organisation on the affordability of a healthy diet, which shows that 50 per cent of India cannot afford one.' The other options are incorrect. The 30% figure refers to the all-India figure for those consuming less than two thali meals a day (after food subsidy). Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly explains the chain: rising food prices decrease real wages, increasing profits. These profits then create demand for relatively capital-intensive goods, which have lower employment-generating impact. The other options are not mentioned in the article. Hence option A is correct.

Explanation

According to the article, IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) facilitated presentations by Indian space-tech companies at the BRICS HOSA meet. ISRO is the main space agency, but IN-SPACe is specifically tasked with promoting private sector involvement.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Bengaluru hosted the meet and India is Chair of BRICS for 2026. Statement 2 is correct: the theme is exactly as given. Statement 3 is incorrect: the article states that the Terms of Reference for the proposed BRICS Space Council were discussed, but it was not finalized; it is still a proposal.

Explanation

The article clearly lists 11 BRICS member countries: Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates. All attended the HOSA meet. The founding five (BRICS) expanded in 2024 with six new members, making 11.

Explanation

The article mentions that the Terms of Reference for the proposed BRICS Space Council were discussed. The council is intended to be a high-level body to coordinate and guide space activities, not just RSSC. Option C aligns with the description. Options A, B, and D are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and is a vital passage for oil tankers. The news specifically highlights NSA Doval welcoming its opening.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: BRICS originally had five members. Statement 2 is incorrect: Indonesia joined in 2025, not 2024. Statement 3 is correct: the article states BRICS represents around 40% of global GDP.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that BRICS members represent 'around 49.5 per cent of the global population'. The other options are close but incorrect.

Explanation

India is a major importer of oil and gas, much of which passes through the Strait of Hormuz. Stability in the strait directly impacts India's energy security and reduces the risk of supply disruptions or price spikes.

Explanation

The report is titled 'Children's Climate Risk Report 2026' and is published by UNICEF. UNEP and IPCC focus on environment and climate science but not specifically on children. WHO deals with health, not comprehensive climate risk assessment for children.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: India ranks 5th in multi-hazard exposure after Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. Statement 2 is incorrect: India's child vulnerability score is 3.44, which is not the highest; countries in Africa like Niger, Chad have higher scores. Statement 3 is correct: 55% of Indian children are exposed to at least three climate hazards. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'around 55% of children in India are exposed to at least three of 8 climate hazards considered'. The other options are plausible distractors but not mentioned in the report.

Explanation

The report states that 'examining the status of child-critical social systems and services' is a good indicator of a region or nation's capacity to address climate risks for children. GDP per capita is not directly mentioned. NGOs and military spending are not part of the report's suggested metrics.

Explanation

The US Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, held that the statutory authority used for reciprocal tariffs did not authorize the executive to impose such rates; the power belongs to Congress. This ruling voided India's negotiated 18% tariff rate.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as both India's commerce minister and the US ambassador stated the first tranche is about 99% done. Statement 2 is incorrect: the Supreme Court voided the reciprocal tariff mechanism, not upheld it. Statement 3 is correct as India agreed to buy a reported $500 billion in American goods under the deal.

Explanation

After months of tariffs rising to 50%, Washington cut India's rate to 18% in exchange for an import pledge of $500 billion. However, this rate was subsequently voided by the US Supreme Court ruling on February 20, 2026.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that India's strategic value to Washington stems from US-China competition. Tariff numbers are temporary, but the shared vulnerability to Chinese dominance in refining and component nodes of supply chains (critical minerals, electronics, pharmaceuticals, defence) provides the real steady ballast for the partnership.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Grid India identified the nine thermal units and proposed their conversion. Grid India is the apex body for real-time power grid management in India, operating under the Ministry of Power.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: synchronous condensers do not generate active power; they spin freely to provide reactive power, inertia, and voltage support. Statement 2 is correct: the shortlisted units include eight coal/lignite and one gas-based. Statement 3 is correct: the article notes the June 2024 grid event caused 16.5 GW load reduction in the Northern Region.

Explanation

The article specifies that Grid India identified nine thermal power units with a combined capacity of about 1.8 GW. The other options are close distractors but differ from the exact numbers.

Explanation

The article emphasises that synchronous condensers do not generate electricity but provide essential reliability services like inertia, voltage support, and reactive power, which are critical as inverter-based renewables reduce system strength and inertia. Options A, C, and D are not the primary purpose described.

Explanation

The article identifies Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf as Iran’s Parliament Speaker. He made the statement in an interview to Iran's state media Press TV.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions a '60-day road map for a final agreement'. Statement 2 is incorrect: US VP Vance only suggested the possibility, not a formal agreement. Statement 3 is correct: a 'direct communication line for the Strait of Hormuz' was part of the outcomes.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that 'Both sides have agreed to a 60-day road map for a final agreement'. The other options are common distractors used in exam questions.

Explanation

The article states that 'release of frozen Iranian funds and easing of oil sanctions were the outcomes of the recently-concluded discussions'. Options A, C, D are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article specifically mentions DGCIS as the source for India's import data of 530,000 tonnes of Iranian oil in April 2026. DGCIS is the nodal agency under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry for trade statistics.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: the waiver covers oil, petroleum products, and petrochemicals. Statement 2 is incorrect because the waiver does not remove financial sector sanctions; only payments are allowed in dollar-denominated funds but banking restrictions remain. Statement 3 is correct: India had not imported Iranian oil since May 2019 until the April 2026 waiver.

Explanation

The article states: 'India imported about 530,000 tonnes of Iranian oil in April, as per data from DGCIS.' The other options are distractors; 270,000 tonnes is not mentioned, 1.2 million and 2.2 million are not related.

Explanation

The article highlights that while the waiver allows oil exports, financial sector sanctions remain, creating payment and banking hurdles. Refinery executives and analysts note that payment mechanisms and reputational concerns are key constraints. Technical compatibility and pricing are secondary considerations.

Explanation

The article states that US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Washington issued a temporary 60-day waiver authorizing Iranian oil sales. The Treasury Department is responsible for implementing and waiving economic sanctions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Ghalibaf said the release was finalized. Statement 2 is incorrect because Vance acknowledged the issue but stopped short of confirming the $12 billion figure and said no final agreement had been reached. Statement 3 is correct as per Treasury Secretary Bessent's announcement.

Explanation

The article states that Iranian media had previously reported that Tehran was pushing for a total of $24 billion in frozen funds to be released — $12 billion immediately upon signing an agreement, with another $12 billion to follow within 60 days.

Explanation

The article mentions that as part of the talks framework, Tehran pledged open transit through the Strait of Hormuz. The Strait is a narrow waterway through which a significant portion of the world's oil passes, making it a key strategic chokepoint for global energy security.

Explanation

The article states that the Haryana District Consumer Commission of Charkhi Dadri passed the order. It is a district-level consumer commission under the Consumer Protection Act, not the national commission or a court.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the complainant was the wife of the beneficiary. Statement 2 is correct: the hospital argued its empanelment was only for cardiology and cardio-thoracic surgery. Statement 3 is incorrect: the Commission held that the treatment squarely fell within the broad definition of medical treatment under Clause 13 of the MoU.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Commission directed the hospital to refund Rs 5 lakh to the woman. The compensation and litigation costs were additional. The refund amount alone was Rs 5 lakh, while the total relief including compensation and costs was Rs 5.6 lakh (or reported as Rs 5.5 lakh in the headline).

Explanation

The Commission explicitly stated: 'The object of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme is to provide financial protection and cashless treatment to eligible beneficiaries.' This is the core objective of the scheme as mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article refers to the IAEA as the UN nuclear watchdog responsible for inspections. The IAEA verifies compliance with the NPT, which Iran is a signatory to.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Iran's parliament passed a law suspending IAEA cooperation in July 2025 due to the agency's failure to condemn the strikes. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article states that US bombed three nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. Statement 3 is correct: the talks were mediated by Pakistan and Qatar in Switzerland.

Explanation

The article explicitly states 'a 12-day war between Israel and Iran, which the United States later joined' in June 2025. This data point is directly testable in a prelims question.

Explanation

According to the article, Iran cited security concerns and criticized the IAEA for not condemning the Israeli-American strikes. Iran also noted that the September 2025 agreement on cooperation did not apply to bombed sites. Option A is false; Iran remains an NPT member.

Explanation

The article mentions Union Cooperation Minister Amit Shah directing NAFED, indicating NAFED is under the Ministry of Cooperation. After the creation of the Ministry of Cooperation in 2021, NAFED was moved under its purview.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as NAFED's annual turnover reached ₹30,000 crore in FY25. Statement 2 is incorrect because the two-year deadline is specifically for direct procurement of pulses and oilseeds, not all commodities. Statement 3 is correct as Nafex.in was launched for transparent auctioning.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India imports 15-16 million tonnes of edible oils annually. The option 6-7 million tonnes refers to pulses imports, not edible oils.

Explanation

The article highlights that India imports 6-7 million tonnes of pulses and 15-16 million tonnes of edible oils annually. Direct procurement aims to boost domestic production and reduce this import bill. While increasing turnover and eliminating middlemen are related goals, the core objective is self-reliance.

Explanation

The news mentions the CAG report on State Finances tabled in the Assembly. The CAG is the constitutional audit authority under Article 148.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct (86% repayment). Statement 2 is incorrect: ₹27,997.23 crore was revenue expenditure from borrowings, not capital expenditure. Statement 3 is correct as per the article. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article states that ₹27,997.23 crore (9%) of total borrowings went towards revenue expenditure. 5% was capital expenditure, 86% was repayment. Hence option B.

Explanation

The White Paper explicitly states that when borrowings finance committed expenditure rather than productive asset creation, the growth-generating capacity of debt weakens, leading to a structurally fragile fiscal dynamic. Options A and D are false; B is not the primary implication mentioned.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the study was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. This is a key static fact for prelims.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the study analysed data from 1950 to 2024. Statement 2 is incorrect: nights have warmed faster (0.32°C/decade) than days (0.27°C/decade). Statement 3 is correct: subtropical regions experience up to 50 additional days of strong to extreme heat stress.

Explanation

The study states that in the current climate, 70% of the global population experiences at least 90 days of strong heat stress annually, up from 55% in the 1970s.

Explanation

The UTCI is a 'feels-like' temperature index that models the human body's response to environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, wind, and radiation. It is used to assess heat stress on individuals.

Explanation

The Executive Steering Group (ESG) is a military-to-military dialogue mechanism involving the Indian Army and the British Army. The article mentions the ESG meeting was held at the Ministry of Defence, London, indicating its primary responsibility falls under the defence ministries of both countries.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states the 15th ESG was held in the UK from June 17-19. Statement 2 is incorrect; the comprehensive trade deal was mentioned as a separate parallel development by the Foreign Ministers, not the focus of the ESG. Statement 3 is correct as the post mentioned visits to the UK Trials & Experimental Group and MBDA.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the '15th India-United Kingdom Executive Steering Group (ESG) was held in the U.K. from June 17-19.' The other options are close distractors representing earlier iterations of the meeting.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the ESG meeting focused on 'advancing multi-tiered military cooperation through enhanced interoperability, bilateral joint exercises and training'. While a trade deal and other pacts form the broader context, the core objective of the defence roadmap is deeper military collaboration.

Explanation

The CAG, under Article 148 of the Constitution, audits the accounts of the Union and States. Its reports are laid before the state legislature. The other bodies have different functions: Finance Commission deals with revenue sharing, NITI Aayog with policy, Election Commission with elections.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the CAG report confirmed arrears of ₹41,188.44 crore. Statement 2 is incorrect: the actual percentage is 44.23% of state own revenue, not 50%. Statement 3 is correct: the report was tabled on Tuesday, June 23, 2026. Hence only 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation

The CAG report specified that of the total arrears, ₹12,951.77 crore has not been recovered for more than five years. Option B (₹16,699.41 crore) is the arrears in recovery of principal of loans from state PSEs. Option C is the GST component. Option D is the total arrears for the previous fiscal (March 2024).

Explanation

The CAG report explicitly mentioned 'inefficiencies in assessment, undervaluation and limited enforcement mechanisms' as well as 'under-realised non-tax revenues with low user charges, poor cost recovery' as factors impeding fiscal space. Hence all options are correct.

Explanation

Under Article 151, CAG audits state finances and submits reports to the Governor, who tables them in the state legislature. The Finance Commission deals with tax distribution, NITI Aayog is a policy think tank, and Election Commission conducts elections.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: actual total borrowings were ₹13,653.01 crore (KIIFB ₹8,089.92 cr + KSSPL ₹5,563.09 cr). Statement 2 is incorrect: only ₹983.09 crore (by KSSPL) was reported to the Centre, not ₹8,089.92 crore. Statement 3 is correct: CAG recommended disclosure in Budget and to the Union government.

Explanation

The CAG report stated that actual borrowings were ₹8,089.92 crore (KIIFB) + ₹5,563.09 crore (KSSPL) = ₹13,653.01 crore. Option A (₹12,669.92 crore) is the variation amount, not total borrowings. Options C and D are individual entity amounts.

Explanation

The CAG argues that since budgetary allocations are used for repayment, these entities lack a sufficient revenue base to service their debt, making the borrowings a direct state liability. This contrasts with the state's claim of them being 'contingent liabilities'.

Explanation

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, under Directive Principles of State Policy, states that the State shall endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for all citizens. It is a non-justiciable directive.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because only instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) is banned, not all forms. Statement 3 is correct as the minister said UCC will be implemented after the committee's report. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The minister stated that in 2025, around 39 cases of triple talaq were registered, leading to 95 arrests. Option A (42) was the figure for 2024. Options C and D are arrest numbers.

Explanation

The minister clearly stated that the UCC will be applicable to every individual irrespective of religion and will include a ban on polygamy. It is not limited to Muslims nor does it override central laws entirely - it aims for uniform personal laws.

Explanation

Section 10 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, explicitly prohibits any medical procedure that leads to infertility without the free and informed consent of the person with disability. The MTP Act deals with abortion, not sterilization. The other options are unrelated to this specific safeguard.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: the SC ruled that the woman's desire to keep the child outweighed the state's assumption. Statement 2 is incorrect: the MTP Act allows guardian consent for ‘mental illness’ but NOT for ‘intellectual disability’ – own consent is required. Statement 3 is correct: the SC criticized the hospital and awarded compensation because the delay forced the woman to carry to term. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article mentions the Suchita Srivastava case as a 2009 Supreme Court judgment. 2017 is the year of Z v. State of Bihar, 2023 is Dr. Narendra Gupta v. UOI, and 2024 is the Gujarat High Court case. Therefore, option A (2009) is correct.

Explanation

The article explains that when a woman lacks cognitive capacity to understand the procedure – a common scenario in severe intellectual disability – she cannot give informed consent as required under Section 10 of the RPwD Act. Therefore, doctors and caregivers must approach court, which then applies the parens patriae doctrine to decide based on the woman's best interests. The other options are not mentioned as primary challenges in the article.

Explanation

JD Vance stated at a press conference that two-thirds of the defensive weapons protecting Israel were US-made and funded by American tax dollars, indicating the US is the primary supplier.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Netanyahu said 'We need our own independent weapons-production system.' Statement 2 is correct: Vance lashed out at Israeli critics saying the quote. Statement 3 is incorrect: the framework is for 10 years, not 5 years, as per the Times of Israel report.

Explanation

JD Vance explicitly stated that two-thirds of the defensive weapons that have protected Israel were US-made and funded by American tax dollars, making 'two-thirds' the correct data point.

Explanation

The article states Israeli officials have expressed concern that Washington could pressure Israel to scale back military operations against Iran-backed groups, especially Hezbollah, as the US advances the Iran deal. Netanyahu's push for self-reliance aims to counter that pressure.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions GRSE as a long-standing and trusted partner of the Indian Navy and the builder of these vessels.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because INS Sanshodhak is a hydrographic survey vessel of the Sandhayak class, not an ASW craft of Arnala class. Statement 3 is correct: the article states this is the second tri-commissioning in 17 months. Hence option B is correct.

Explanation

The article states that INS Dunagiri was built in about 33 per cent less time than vessels under the previous frigate programme.

Explanation

The article describes INS Sanshodhak as the fourth hydrographic survey vessel of the Sandhayak class with advanced hydrographic equipment to support Blue Economy and partner nations.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the MoU was signed by US President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. This is a static fact about the signatories of an international agreement, commonly asked in prelims under International Relations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the MoU includes the fund. Statement 2 is incorrect: the administration insists no taxpayer money will be used; the fund is privately financed. Statement 3 is correct per Reuters that the fund will contain no government money and remain separate from sanctions relief discussions. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article states 'the JCPOA involved the release of approximately $55 billion in frozen Iranian assets.' This is a direct numerical fact. The distractor $300 billion is the proposed fund amount, not the JCPOA release.

Explanation

Reuters reported that the fund is envisioned as a privately financed investment vehicle with no government money, and more than half of the funding has been pledged by private-sector participants from multiple regions. Option A is explicitly denied, B and D are not mentioned as primary sources.

Explanation

The article mentions that Iran denied inviting IAEA inspectors. The IAEA is the UN body that verifies compliance with nuclear non-proliferation through inspections.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Trump claimed Iran agreed to inspections. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran's foreign ministry denied any discussion on inspections. Statement 3 is correct: US Treasury released $300 billion escrow for humanitarian purchases from the US.

Explanation

The US Treasury Secretary announced a temporary 60-day waiver on Iranian oil sanctions until August 21. 30, 90, and 120 days are plausible distractors but the article specifically states 60 days.

Explanation

Trump stated the escrow will be used to buy food, wheat, corn, and soybeans from the US due to a humanitarian crisis. This ensures funds are spent in America and not diverted for military or nuclear purposes.

Explanation

The Forest Advisory Committee is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) that advises on forest land diversion proposals under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Kirthai-II is a run-of-the-river project and its capacity was reduced to 820 MW from 930 MW. Statement 2 is incorrect: the project is implemented by Chenab Valley Power Projects Ltd, a joint venture of NHPC and J&K State Power Development Corporation. Statement 3 is correct: the project location is in Padder tehsil, Kishtwar district.

Explanation

As per the FAC minutes, the project site features dense forest and 8,723 trees will be felled. The other options are numerical distractors derived from the digits of the correct number.

Explanation

The article states that the J&K administration dispensed with the requirement in view of the strategic nature of these rivers and the need to fully utilise their waters, especially after the suspension of the Indus Water Treaty.

Explanation

The House of Commons comprises 650 elected members. The House of Lords is not elected; its members include life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers. This is a standard static fact for comparative polity.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: the 5-year term applies to the parliamentary term, not the individual PM. Statement 2 is correct: the UK Speaker renounces party affiliation. Statement 3 is correct: India follows constitutional supremacy, UK follows parliamentary sovereignty. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that the UK will have officially had seven Prime Ministers over the course of a decade, with no PM coming close to completing their term since 2016. This includes Keir Starmer and his immediate predecessors.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that India's parliamentary sessions feature Zero Hour, where members can raise urgent matters without prior notice. The UK has no direct equivalent. Question Hour and party whip exist in both systems, and Speaker election procedures differ but are not unique to India.

Explanation

The article explicitly states silicosis is a lung disease. It is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust and leads to progressive pulmonary fibrosis.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: each family is entitled to up to Rs 10 lakh. Statement 2 is incorrect: the scheme covers the worker's family (spouse, children, parents). Statement 3 is correct: annual health check-ups for workers and spouses are included. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states the scheme is expected to cover nearly 10 lakh beneficiaries in the city in total. 2.70 lakh is the number of registered workers, not total beneficiaries. Hence 10 lakh is correct.

Explanation

The article clearly states the scheme aims at 'strengthening social security for construction workers' by providing comprehensive health protection. Other options are not mentioned or are secondary at best.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) handles India's foreign relations and coordination of high-level visits. In this article, EAM Jaishankar's visit to Mongolia falls under MEA's purview.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article says Jaishankar greeted the President. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article calls the Oil Refinery the 'most important project'. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions both alliances. Hence option C.

Explanation

The article mentions Jaishankar met Khamba Nomun Khan Geshe Lharampa D. Javzandorj, Chief Abbot of Gandan Monastery, which is the largest Buddhist place of worship in Mongolia.

Explanation

Mongolia follows a 'Third Neighbour' policy to engage with countries beyond China and Russia. India shares deep Buddhist heritage, making it a 'spiritual partner'. This alignment was emphasized in Jaishankar's meetings.