14 July 2026, Questions & Answers

Explanation

The Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964, was issued under the Foreigners Act, 1946, which empowers the Central Government to constitute tribunals to determine whether a person is a foreigner. The Citizenship Act deals with acquisition and termination of citizenship, not tribunals.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the Supreme Court explicitly stated that Article 14 and Article 21 extend to foreigners as well, not just citizens. Statement 2 is correct as the Court ruled that tribunals must assess evidence and record reasons even in ex-parte proceedings. Statement 3 is correct as Section 9 of the Foreigners Act places the burden on the proceedee to prove they are not a foreigner.

Explanation

The Supreme Court set aside a batch of 27 Gauhati High Court judgments that had declared the appellants to be foreigners. The Court remanded these cases to the Foreigners Tribunals for fresh adjudication.

Explanation

The ruling establishes that constitutional guarantees of equality (Article 14) and protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21) are not limited to citizens. This means Foreigners Tribunals must follow fair procedures even when determining the status of individuals who may be foreigners, preventing arbitrary or mechanical declarations.

Explanation

The UNSC is the principal UN organ for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members (5 permanent with veto power, 10 non-permanent elected for 2-year terms). The article discusses India's campaign for a non-permanent seat on this council.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article confirms the campaign launch for the 2028-29 term. Statement 2 is correct: India and Tajikistan will compete for the sole Asia-Pacific Group seat. Statement 3 is incorrect; India's last term was 2021-22, not 2011-2012.

Explanation

The article states that elections for the 2028-29 term will be held in June next year (from the publication date of July 2026), which means June 2027. The other options are close distractors: 2026 is the current year, 2028 is the start of the term, and 2029 is the end of the term.

Explanation

The article quotes EAM Jaishankar saying India's focus will be on working for a world where the voice of the Global South is heard in equal measure and where multilateralism reflects contemporary realities. This aligns with India's long-standing demand for UNSC reform. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned as the primary objective of the campaign theme.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that ‘Every part going into India’s nuclear plants was designed, developed, tested, and manufactured in India in patient partnerships between the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and Indian firms.’ While DAE oversees the sector, AEC is the key design and development body.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article says PHWRs use natural uranium as fuel. Statement 2 is incorrect: the NSG waiver permanently prohibits transfer of enrichment and reprocessing technology to India. Statement 3 is correct: the article states that 700 MW units have been developed.

Explanation

The article clearly states ‘India now makes the cheapest nuclear power plants in the world, costing approximately $1,700 per Kw.’ The other options are costs for South Korea ($2,200), France ($5,500), and the US ($15,000) respectively.

Explanation

The article states that negotiations with Western suppliers were given up because their plants were ‘far too expensive’ (e.g., US plants cost $15,000/kW vs India’s $1,700/kW). It also warns that importing would create ‘a new stream of technological vulnerability’ and give India ‘far more expensive electricity’.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions that the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the UN's shipping regulator, stated there is no legal basis for imposing mandatory tolls on transit through an international strait. ICAO deals with aviation, WTO with trade rules, and IEA with energy policy.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article says the charge would apply to 'all other countries' except vessels linked to Iran. Statement 2 is incorrect: the IMO said there is 'no legal basis' for such tolls. Statement 3 is incorrect: the article states there has been 'no immediate statement from India's Ministry of External Affairs' on the levy or the tanker attack.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'roughly a fifth of the world’s oil and a fifth of global liquefied natural gas moved through Hormuz'. A fifth equals 20%, making option B the correct answer. The other options are close distractors but do not match the exact data given.

Explanation

The article clearly states that 'a 20 percent surcharge, if enforced, would raise landed costs for Indian refiners and could eventually feed into domestic fuel prices'. Options A, C, and D are not supported by the article; India continues to import Gulf oil, and the rupee or exports to Iran are not discussed.

Explanation

The news specifically mentions that the Supreme Court sent 27 cases back for adjudication before their respective foreigners’ tribunals in Assam. These tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies established under the Foreigners Act, 1946 to determine whether a person is a foreigner in Assam.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Ambedkar said Article 5 gave the Drafting Committee a headache like no other. Statement 2 is incorrect: Chaudhuri actually sought to exclude those who came “only three years ago” and those who entered “surreptitiously”. Statement 3 is correct: Ambedkar listed three conditions for post-July 19, 1948 migrants — application, six months residence, and registration by a government officer. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

Ambedkar clarified that those who entered Assam before July 19, 1948 were automatically declared citizens if they had resided within the territory of India. The other options are distractors: March 1, 1947 was the cut-off for migrants from India to Pakistan; August 15, 1947 is Independence Day; January 26, 1950 is the date of commencement of the Constitution.

Explanation

Chaudhuri argued that people from East Bengal were entering Assam despite no insecurity there, with a desire “to exploit and get some advantages” and that this would disturb the balance of population in the province. He specifically mentioned forcible occupation of land and the need to exclude those who came to exploit. This reflects the long-standing demographic concerns of Assam.

Explanation

According to the article, DP World, a Dubai-based global logistics company formed in 2005, plans to develop the project in Fujairah along with a new terminal at the existing harbour.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the port is planned on the east coast to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. Statement 2 is incorrect: the activity drop was 90%, not 50%. Statement 3 is correct: the project is expected to be completed within about 18 months.

Explanation

The Financial Times reported that activity at Jebel Ali port plunged by as much as 90% after Iran closed the strait, forcing DP World to look for alternative routes.

Explanation

The article states the new port is planned to allow cargo to bypass the Strait of Hormuz, reducing reliance on this strategically vulnerable route. It is meant to complement Jebel Ali, not replace it, and is not focused on oil exports or military use.

Explanation

Section 3(1) of the LAHDC Act specifically provides for the constitution of a council in each district by government notification. The other options relate to general panchayati raj or the reorganisation of J&K, not the specific legal basis for AHDCs in Ladakh.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the news. Statement 2 is incorrect because the proposed body will exercise legislative, executive, financial and administrative powers – not just advisory. Statement 3 is correct as the announcement was made by Chief Secretary Ashish Kundra. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The administration had notified the creation of five new districts in April 2026 – Drass, Sham, Nubra, Changthang and Zanskar. This expanded the total number of districts in Ladakh from 2 to 7, prompting the decision to set up AHDCs for each.

Explanation

The Chief Secretary explicitly stated that this move is a major step towards democratic decentralisation and grassroots governance. While tourism and tax revenue may be indirect benefits, the core objective is to empower local populations to make decisions on land, employment and development, addressing long-standing local demands.

Explanation

The article states that the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways reported 1.77 lakh deaths in 2024. The NCRB (under MHA) also reports but is a separate agency. The demand for data comes primarily from MoRTH for road accident statistics.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article says the Court linked road safety to Article 21 and stated crashes are products of human failure, preventable. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions the Court studied the four Es. Statement 2 is incorrect: the Road Safety Coordination Council is a proposal in the article, not ordered by the Court. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'The same NCRB's Crime in India report... shows that 1.81 lakh people lost their lives.' 1.77 lakh is from MoRTH, 1.75 lakh from NCRB's Accidental Deaths report. Option D is not mentioned.

Explanation

The article argues that 'jurisdictional fragmentation is not incidental to this failure. It is the design.' Roads, police, public health and vehicles are divided across Union, State and Concurrent Lists, creating no single owner for prevention. While funding, trauma care, and enforcement are problems, the constitutional design is identified as the root cause behind all these symptoms.

Explanation

The IMO, a UN specialized agency, regulates shipping safety and security. It issued a statement opposing the US toll, stating there is no legal basis for mandatory tolls on international straits. The other options are not directly responsible for shipping regulation.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Trump announced a 20% levy on cargo. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran rejected the US move, with Foreign Minister Araghchi saying 20% is too much. Statement 3 is correct: the IMO said there is no legal basis for such tolls. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that Brent crude rose 7.8% to $81.92 a barrel on Monday. The other options are incorrect; 5.2% is too low, and 9.1% and 12.3% are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

India is a major importer of crude oil, with a significant portion passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The 20% toll raises shipping costs, which will be passed on to importers, increasing India's energy import expenditure. The other options are not directly implied by the news.

Explanation

The article states that the Commerce and Industry Ministry released the WPI data. This ministry compiles and publishes the Wholesale Price Index on a monthly basis. The Ministry of Finance handles fiscal policy, while the Ministry of Statistics deals with other economic statistics.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: WPI inflation rose to 9.87% in June from 9.68% in May. Statement 2 is incorrect because fuel and power inflation actually moderated to 27.41% from 30.33% in May. Statement 3 is incorrect because the RBI uses CPI (Consumer Price Index), not WPI, for its inflation targeting framework.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that inflation in food articles was 5.49% in June, up from 3.60% in May. Option A (3.60%) is the May figure, option C (9.87%) is the overall WPI, and option D (11.07%) is non-food articles inflation.

Explanation

The article directly attributes the sharp rise in WPI inflation to the West Asia crisis and the effective blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which disrupted crude oil imports and had a spillover effect on food prices. Other options are not mentioned as primary causes.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions the Strait of Hormuz, through which a fifth of all traded crude oil passes. It is the site of the US blockade and Iranian retaliatory attacks.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: President Trump said the US is 'reinstating a blockade'. Statement 2 is incorrect: the article states one Indian national was killed, not two. Statement 3 is correct: Brent crude oil traded at over $84 early Tuesday.

Explanation

The article states that 'a fifth of all traded crude oil and natural gas once passed' through the Strait of Hormuz. One-fifth is equivalent to 20%.

Explanation

The US Central Command stated that the strikes are meant to 'degrade their ability to attack innocent civilians and commercial shipping'. Option A is not mentioned; option C is a proposed toll but not the justification; option D is not the primary stated reason.

Explanation

The article clearly states that India launched its official campaign for a non-permanent seat at the UN Security Council for 2028-29. The UNSC is the primary UN body responsible for international peace and security, with 15 members (5 permanent + 10 non-permanent).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions India last sat at the UNSC in 2021-22, its eighth term. Statement 2 is incorrect – the competitor is Tajikistan, not Pakistan. Statement 3 is correct: Jaishankar outlined the SHANTI approach: Securing Holistic Advancement through Norms, Trust and Integrity. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly says India launched its campaign for a non-permanent seat at the UNSC for 2028-29. Elections for this term will be conducted in June next year (2027). The other options are incorrect – India's last term was 2021-22, not 2026-27.

Explanation

SHANTI stands for 'Securing Holistic Advancement through Norms, Trust and Integrity'. Jaishankar emphasized that India’s approach focuses on democratic, representative, and effective multilateralism, giving voice to the Global South, and addressing issues like AI misuse and maritime security. Option A and C are not stated in the article; D is not mentioned.

Explanation

The article states that the Gujarat High Court, comprising Justices Alpesh Kogje and Samir Dave, pronounced the judgment on July 7, 2026, confirming the special trial court's verdict.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: HC confirmed death penalty for 38 and life for 11. Statement 2 is incorrect: the court observed the accused 'had not exhibited any remorse'. Statement 3 is correct: compensation of Rs 10 lakh for death was ordered.

Explanation

The article states: 'As many as 22 bombs went off in Ahmedabad on July 26, 2008... Of the 24 bombs, one each at Kalol and Naroda did not go off.' So 22 exploded, 2 did not.

Explanation

The article quotes the court: 'no appeals against the acquittals and absolutely no representation of the large number of victims and no effort by the State to ask them whether they want to be represented by legal aid.' Hence the court directed compensation.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway between Iran and Oman that connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea. It handles about a fifth of global oil and LNG flows, making it the most critical oil chokepoint. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, the Strait of Malacca is in Southeast Asia, and Bab-el-Mandeb connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: transits fell to 14 on July 12, the lowest since June 14 (three days before the June 17 MoU). Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran announced it was closing the strait to commercial vessels, but the service fee imposition was planned for a later date, not immediate. Statement 3 is correct: India's crude import dependence is over 88%, and approximately 40% of crude imports come via the strait.

Explanation

The Nomura report stated that every 10% oil price increase typically widens India's current account deficit by 0.4% of GDP. This is a key data point for understanding India's vulnerability to oil price shocks. The other options are distractors - 0.2% and 0.6% are close but incorrect figures.

Explanation

The article states that a few vessels came under attack by Iranian forces, leading to US retaliatory strikes on Iranian military targets and Iranian attacks on US assets in other West Asian countries. This effectively crumbled the US-Iran MoU, raising security concerns and causing shipping traffic to plummet. Iran's threat to close the strait further exacerbated the situation.

Explanation

The article states that the UK Home Office issued the statement and Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood made the written statement to parliament. The Home Office is responsible for counter-terrorism and public safety in the UK.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the UK had refrained from designating the IRGC until this announcement; it was the US that designated it in 2019. Statement 2 is correct: the Home Secretary stated that support for IRGC, including expressing positive opinion, becomes a criminal offence. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions US, Australia, Canada, and EU have already listed IRGC as a terror group.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'anyone conducting acts of sabotage, including arson, on behalf of these groups could face life imprisonment' but for support of IRGC specifically the maximum is 14 years. However, the question refers to 'sabotage' which links to the Home Office statement saying 'life imprisonment' for sabotage? Let's read carefully: 'anyone conducting acts of sabotage... could face life imprisonment.' But the question asks 'maximum prison sentence' — actually the article mentions two different penalties: life imprisonment for sabotage, and 14 years for support of IRGC. The question is ambiguous. To stick strictly to the article, for 'support of IRGC' the maximum is 14 years. The sabotage penalty is life imprisonment. Since the question says 'on behalf of these groups' — that could be either. I think the examiner trap is to confuse. I choose 14 years as the specific data point emphasized for IRGC support. But to be accurate, the article states: 'anyone conducting acts of sabotage... could face life imprisonment' and 'support for the IRGC will become a criminal offence... maximum prison sentence of up to 14 years.' So the answer depends on the act. For safety, provide 14 years as the most directly asked number. I'll adjust the question to specify 'supporting IRGC' to avoid ambiguity. Let me revise the question text.

Explanation

The UK Home Office statement said the designations would make the UK 'better protected from foreign state-backed activity' and that anyone conducting sabotage on behalf of these groups could face life imprisonment. The broader aim is to prevent IRGC and its proxies from operating on British soil. While alignment with US policy is a side effect, the primary objective is domestic security.

Explanation

The article explicitly mentions United States Central Command (CENTCOM) as the command that conducted precision munition strikes on Iranian coastal defense systems, missile and drone sites, and maritime capabilities. CENTCOM oversees US military operations in the Middle East and parts of Central Asia.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Trump announced a 20% levy on cargo through Hormuz as compensation for securing the route. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran closed the Strait of Hormuz on Sunday following an escalation in the Gulf, which occurred before the US announced the naval blockade (the announcement came 'after Iran shut down the strategic waterway'). Statement 3 is correct: India lodged a protest and summoned Iran's Deputy Chief of Mission after the attack on Indian seafarers. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'Brent crude futures rose by $1.68, or 2 per cent, to $84.98 a barrel.' The close distractor is $79.79, which is the WTI price. $86.50 and $83.30 are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly says: 'India’s Ministry of External Affairs has summoned Iran’s Deputy Chief of Mission.' This was a direct diplomatic protest over the attack on Indian seafarers. Other options are not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The Index of Services Production (ISP) is released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), which is also responsible for the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) and other key economic indicators. The other ministries do not handle this statistical function.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the ISP covers about 60% of India's services sector. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISP is released on the 29th of every month, while the IIP is released on the 28th. Statement 3 is correct as the base year for the trial ISP is 2024-25. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

As per the article, the overall year-on-year growth of the 19 sub-sectors in April 2026 was 20.8%, as calculated by DK Srivastava of EY India. 27.7% is the growth of real estate, and 37.2% is the growth of accommodation and food services. 14.2% is not mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The ISP is designed as a high-frequency measure of the services sector, analogous to the IIP for manufacturing. It does not replace the IIP but complements it. The ISP focuses on the formal services sector, not agriculture or FDI. Its purpose is to provide timely data for policy analysis.

Explanation

The article states that data on cyber fraud was discussed at a meeting chaired by senior officials of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), which oversees the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) and national cyber security policies.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: UP recorded 1.85 lakh complaints, the highest. Statement 2 is correct: Maharashtra lost Rs 1,637.66 crore, the highest. Statement 3 is correct: Banks placed liens on Rs 2,968.85 crore out of Rs 10,178.97 crore, a lien rate of 29.17%.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Between 2021 and May 2026, people reported cybercrime losses of Rs 64,447 crore.' Rs 10,178 crore is the loss for just the first half of 2026, Rs 2,968 crore is the amount frozen, and Rs 323 crore is the amount refunded.

Explanation

The article mentions that under CFCFRMS, 2.70 lakh complaints were taken up by banks for action, and banks placed liens on Rs 2,968.85 crore of the reported losses. The system's core function is reporting and coordination for fund freezing, not direct compensation or prosecution.

Explanation

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, through its Department of Commerce, is the nodal ministry for trade negotiations and FTAs. The Commerce Secretary, Rajesh Agrawal, announced the operationalisation of this agreement, confirming the ministry's role.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: UK eliminates tariffs on 96.8% of tariff lines immediately. Statement 2 is incorrect: India immediately eliminates tariffs on 30.3% of trade value, not 47% (47% is the phased reduction). Statement 3 is correct: the DCC provides a five-year relief from double contributions.

Explanation

The article states that the U.K. will immediately eliminate tariffs on 96.8% of its tariff lines, accounting for 97.7% of the trade value. Option A (96.8%) is the percentage of tariff lines, not trade value. Options C and D are total coverage figures including quota-based reductions.

Explanation

The DCC ensures that Indian workers do not have to pay double social security contributions. If they are paying social security in India, they will not have to pay it in the U.K. for a period of five years. This prevents the 25% 'sunk cost' loss from dual contributions.

Explanation

The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction of Prakash and another co-accused under Section 201 IPC for causing disappearance of evidence, as they were caught transporting the body. The other options relate to murder (302), criminal conspiracy (120B), and common intention (34).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article explicitly names Justices Sanjay Karol and Prasanna B. Varale. Statement 2 is false because the court noted a 'total absence of any outgoing call' from Monika's phone to Prakash; instead, incoming calls were from Prakash's number. Statement 3 is correct: the Bombay High Court set aside the conviction in 2010.

Explanation

The article states that 'In 2008, a sessions court convicted Monika and the two co-accused of murder and sentenced them to imprisonment for life.' Option A (2007) is the year of the murder, C (2010) is the year of High Court acquittal, and D (2026) is the year of the Supreme Court judgment.

Explanation

The SC held that 'Mere production of telephone records does not substitute substantive proof of an illicit affair leading to murder.' This means call records are not enough to prove motive or involvement without additional corroborative evidence. Options A and B overstate their value, while D is incorrect as call records are admissible but not standalone proof.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the draft was prepared by the Department of Health Research (DHR). The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is the scientific and technical lead, not the preparer. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the parent ministry, but the draft was prepared by DHR.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article calls it the 'first attempt at a unified national framework'. Statement 2 is incorrect because the policy proposes a three-tier governance structure (National Health Research Stewardship Committee, DHR, ICMR), not two-tier. Statement 3 is incorrect because the policy proposes a shift away from publications/citations/patents towards impact-based evaluation (policy, clinical practice, indigenous technologies).

Explanation

The article clearly states the policy is the 'National Health Research Policy 2026' and was published in July 2026. The other options are close distractors but incorrect.

Explanation

The three-tier structure includes a National Health Research Stewardship Committee for overall strategic coordination, DHR as the nodal implementing agency, and ICMR as the scientific lead. This is designed to address fragmentation and improve coordination, not to increase publications, privatize funding, or reduce State roles.

Explanation

The notification was issued by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, which oversees India's Foreign Trade Policy. The Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), under this ministry, will conduct enquiries into forced labour allegations as per the Handbook of Procedures, 2023.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the notification defines forced labour per the ILO Convention 29. Statement 2 is incorrect because the proposed tariff is 12.5%, not 15%. Statement 3 is correct as the notification specifies that the enquiry procedure will be as per the Handbook of Procedures, 2023.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the U.S. proposed a tariff of 12.5% on imports from India and 53 other countries under the Section 301 investigation. Options 10%, 15%, and 20% are close distractors not mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The article states the ban is a 'significant step towards clearing the path towards the signing of an interim trade agreement with the U.S.' The move is a direct response to the U.S. Section 301 investigation and aims to demonstrate India's compliance with international norms to avoid proposed tariffs and secure a favorable trade deal.

Explanation

The US Supreme Court ruled the tariffs unlawful, forcing the government to refund duties. This demonstrates the power of judicial review over executive trade actions.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as $81 billion was refunded. Statement 2 is incorrect because most refunds were processed in May and June 2026, not March and April. Statement 3 is correct as the refunds went to importing companies.

Explanation

The article states that $71 billion (roughly 42%) of the $166 billion in tariffs subject to repayment were refunded in May-June 2026. $81 billion is the total refunded so far, and $1.367 trillion is the US fiscal deficit.

Explanation

The refunds offset tariff revenue gains, and interest payments exceeded $1 trillion, pushing the deficit to $1.367 trillion. This shows how legal challenges can undermine fiscal goals of tariff policies.

Explanation

The article quotes an IMO spokesperson saying 'IMO stands firmly against charging fees for passage through straits used for international navigation.' IMO is the UN specialized agency responsible for regulating shipping.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct (40% crude via Hormuz). Statement 2 is incorrect – India imports 60% of LNG via Hormuz, not 90% (90% is for LPG). Statement 3 is correct (over 88% oil import dependence). Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article calculates: at $75/barrel, assuming 30% of India's oil imports still via Hormuz, the 20% fee translates to $9 billion annually on an annualized basis. This does not include additional costs for LNG, LPG, fertilizers, and industrial inputs.

Explanation

The article highlights that India imports 40% of crude oil, 60% of LNG, and 90% of LPG via this chokepoint. While domestic reserves and refining capacity are relevant, the immediate vulnerability stems from high dependence on Hormuz for energy imports, which a transit fee directly inflates.

Explanation

The IAEA is the global nuclear watchdog that monitors nuclear programs, including Iran's, to ensure compliance with non-proliferation treaties. The article discusses Iran's nuclear facilities, which fall under IAEA inspection mandates.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article states it lies about 1.5 km south of Natanz. Statement 2 is correct as US intelligence reports indicate the facility is shielded by solid granite. Statement 3 is incorrect; the 900-kg bunker-buster bombs were used on the Isfahan ammunition depot, not Pickaxe Mountain, and experts say the tunnels are beyond the reach of these bombs.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that satellite imagery suggests Iran has been excavating two large tunnel complexes beneath the mountain since around 2020. The other dates are distractors, with 2025 being the year of the Isfahan strike.

Explanation

The article highlights that the facility is dug into a mountain with solid granite shielding specifically to protect nuclear assets from US bunker-buster bombs. While enrichment is a possible future use, the core strategic purpose is defensive hardening against airstrikes.

Explanation

As per the article, BOHR was developed by Florida-based company City Labs and launched by SpaceX. NASA and ISRO are space agencies not directly involved in building this satellite.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: tritium is a radioactive isotope (not isobar) of hydrogen. Statement 2 is correct: tritium decays and emits beta radiation. Statement 3 is correct: tritium is produced as a by-product in nuclear reactors, including India's PHWRs. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

BOHR stands for Betavoltaic Orbital High-Reliability. Voyager 1 is an older nuclear-powered spacecraft (using RTG) but not commercial. Transporter-17 is the mission name, and NanoTritium is the power source technology, not the satellite.

Explanation

The article states BOHR is a demonstration mission to test NanoTritium betavoltaic power in space, with potential use in permanently shadowed lunar regions. It does not aim to replace solar panels entirely nor is it related to ISS or Io (Voyager studied Io).

Explanation

The article states that the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) summoned the Iranian Deputy Chief of Mission in New Delhi and lodged a strong protest. The MEA handles India's diplomatic relations and is responsible for summoning foreign envoys.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: Iran attacked MT Al Bahiyah and MT Mombasa (UAE-flagged), killing one Indian. Statement 2 is incorrect: PM Modi was in New Zealand, not EAM Jaishankar (who had just concluded a visit to Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and then went to US). Statement 3 is correct: Trump proposed a 20% transit fee but later replaced it with trade and investment deals.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Of the total 46 crew members on the two vessels, 30 were Indians.' Options 12 and 18 are the individual numbers on each vessel (12 on MT Al Bahiyah, 18 on MT Mombasa), but the total Indians is 30. Option 46 is the total crew.

Explanation

The MEA statement called for 'free and unimpeded navigation and commerce' (energy security), condemned attacks on seafarers (diaspora protection), and India's careful diplomatic response reflects balancing ties with Iran and the US. All three are interconnected concerns mentioned in the article.

Explanation

The draft amendment directions were issued by the RBI, as it regulates the acquisition and holding of shares in commercial banks under the Banking Regulation Act. The RBI is the nodal authority for banking sector regulations.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article. Statement 2 is incorrect because the one-time approval means they do NOT need fresh approval each time they re-acquire a stake up to 10%, provided they continue to comply with conditions. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions the conditions for eligibility.

Explanation

The article states that once one-time approval is granted, these institutions will not need to seek RBI approval every time they re-acquire a stake of up to 10%. The 5% is the threshold below which the approval requirement is triggered, not the maximum stake without fresh approval.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the objective is to simplify the approval process for institutional investors while maintaining regulatory oversight over ownership in the banking sector. Options A, C, and D are not supported by the article.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Punjab and Haryana High Court made the observation while dismissing the state's appeal against acquittal. The bench included Justices Vinod S. Bhardwaj and Sukhvinder Kaur.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the court said sloganeering against government is a means of expressing dissent, not hatred or disaffection. Statement 2 is incorrect: the court ruled that violent protest may be rioting but not sedition unless it incites hatred. Statement 3 is correct: the article mentions that no test identification parade was conducted, which materially weakened the prosecution case.

Explanation

The article states that the mob attacked the UHBVN office on August 25, 2017, following the conviction of Dera Sacha Sauda chief. Option B is the trial court acquittal date; D is the publication date of the news; C is not mentioned.

Explanation

The court noted substantial contradictions, lack of reliable identification (no test identification parade), absence of forensic corroboration, and failure to establish essential elements of sedition (intent to create hatred). The court observed that suspicion is not proof, and the state could not move from 'may have been' to 'must be involved'.

Explanation

The FCNR(B) scheme is a regulatory initiative by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to mobilise foreign currency deposits from Non-Resident Indians. The RBI announced the special dispensation on June 5, 2026, allowing banks to offer 3-5 year deposits and absorbing hedging costs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the deposit window is until September 2026 and tenure is 3-5 years. Statement 2 is correct: the RBI absorbs hedging costs at a concessional rate. Statement 3 is incorrect: the scheme has attracted close to $10 billion so far, not $50-70 billion, which is the estimated potential target.

Explanation

The article states that the scheme has helped banks garner close to $10 billion so far. The $50-70 billion figure is the estimated potential target, not the actual inflow.

Explanation

By absorbing the hedging cost, the RBI reduces the cost burden on banks, making FCNR(B) deposits a cheaper source of foreign currency funding. This helps attract NRI deposits, which in turn supports the rupee by increasing dollar inflows, as seen when the rupee recovered to 94/$ after the scheme's announcement.

Explanation

PMGSY is a centrally sponsored scheme under the Ministry of Rural Development, aimed at providing all-weather road connectivity to rural habitations. The Ministry of Road Transport handles national highways, while the other ministries are not directly responsible for this scheme.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article – the Centre approved one lakh rural houses. Statement 2 is correct – Rs 1,000 crore for 2,400 km roads. Statement 3 is incorrect because the scheme provides 125 days of guaranteed work, not 150 days. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that four districts – Darjeeling, Alipurduar, Jhargram and Purulia – have been brought under the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana, an umbrella agricultural mission to transform underperforming districts.

Explanation

The article mentions that seeds of jute and potato, which are staple crops of the state, are currently brought from outside. The MoU aims to develop indigenous seed production, making the state self-sufficient. While other options are related, the core objective is seed self-reliance for these two crops.

Explanation

The 84th Constitutional Amendment Act (2001) froze the number of Lok Sabha seats based on the 1971 Census until 2026. The 87th Amendment (2003) similarly froze Vidhan Sabha seats based on the 2001 Census.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the SC explicitly said the right to vote has nothing to do with delimitation. Statement 2 is correct as Justice Bagchi noted that vote value dilution is not diluted vis-à-vis states under federal constitutionalism. Statement 3 is correct as the PIL was filed by Nishant Khatri from Jhajjar, Haryana.

Explanation

The petitioner argued that the freeze on delimitation based on the 1971 Census excluded 70% of Indian citizens who were born after 1971. This was the core of the challenge that the amendments violate the basic structure of 'one person, one vote, one value'.

Explanation

The freeze was introduced to encourage population control measures and ensure that states which successfully implemented family planning (mostly southern states) would not be penalized by losing parliamentary seats in the next delimitation. This was a key political compromise to secure support for the population control policies.

Explanation

The inter-ministerial meeting was chaired by Sarbananda Sonowal, Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, and the dashboard was ordered by this ministry in coordination with MEA, Indian Navy, and DGS.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: the dashboard tracks every Indian on every vessel regardless of flag. Statement 2 is correct: each killed or injured seafarer gets a dedicated liaison officer. Statement 3 is correct: India communicated with IMO about the attacks contravening international conventions.

Explanation

The article states there have been 29 incidents of attacks on vessels carrying Indian seafarers — 4 involving Indian-flagged vessels and 25 involving foreign-flagged vessels. The other options are distractors: 9 is the number of deaths, 25 is the number of foreign-flagged incidents.

Explanation

The article explicitly states the liaison officer will serve as 'the single point of contact for families, coordinating medical updates, travel documentation, family assistance, repatriation, seafarers welfare fund support, outstanding wages, contractual entitlements and other compensations.'

Explanation

Section 302 IPC provides the punishment for murder. While Sections 141 and 149 define unlawful assembly and common object, the actual conviction for causing death is under Section 302. Section 307 deals with attempt to murder.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the court relied on five eyewitnesses. Statement 2 is incorrect because the court rejected the 'chance witness' argument. Statement 3 is correct as the court stated that any prudent person in such an assembly would know that members of the opposite community could be killed.

Explanation

The court specifically relied on the testimony of five eyewitnesses. The total number of witnesses examined by the prosecution was 91, but only five were key eyewitnesses whose testimonies were deemed credible.

Explanation

The conviction reinforces the principle under Section 149 IPC that every member of an unlawful assembly is guilty of any offence committed by any member in prosecution of the common object. This holds even if the individual did not personally inflict the fatal injury.

Explanation

The article clearly states that the circular was issued by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), which is the governing body for school education under the Ministry of Education. NCERT is a resource and curriculum body, while UGC oversees higher education.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article explicitly states that the third language (R3) will NOT be part of the board exam. Statement 2 is correct as per the article: a Class 9 student who fails is promoted but must clear the pending assessment in Class 10. Statement 3 is incorrect because the circulars do NOT apply to the current Class 10 batch in 2026-27.

Explanation

The article states: 'third language (R3) will not be part of the board exam for students who enter Class 10 from 2027-28' and that students 'must clear the school-based R3 assessment' in Class 10 to be awarded the pass certificate. Option D (2029-30) was the earlier deferred date sought by petitioners.

Explanation

The article quotes the Ministry's counter-affidavit stating that the three-language formula serves legitimate public objectives including promotion of multilingualism, preservation of Indian languages, cognitive development, and advancement of constitutional values of national integration and cultural diversity. The other options contradict the stated purpose.

Explanation

The article states that the Department of State Educational Research and Training (DSERT) provided eight days of training to some teachers. NCERT is a national body, KTBS publishes textbooks, and CBSE is a central board, not involved in state teacher training.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the article says NCERT books were already used in high school for mathematics and science. Statement 2 is incorrect: NCERT textbooks have been introduced only for English, Maths (I-V) and English, Hindi (VI-VII), not all subjects. Statement 3 is correct: bilingual classes are set to start in 25,014 schools across 15 districts for classes I-V.

Explanation

The article mentions that DSERT provided only eight days of training to some teachers to teach the new NCERT textbooks. The other options are close distractors but not mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The article states that the decision aims to improve quality education from the primary level and notes that NCERT syllabus-based questions are asked in civil services, banking, railway, and other recruitment exams, as well as in CET, NEET, and JEE. Cost reduction and increasing private schools are not mentioned, and teacher training is a challenge, not an objective.

Explanation

As per the article, CBSE filed a counter affidavit along with separate affidavits from the Education Ministry and NCERT to defend the three-language policy before the Supreme Court. CBSE is the board implementing the policy for its affiliated schools.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per CBSE's counter affidavit. Statement 2 is incorrect because the petition cites Articles 14, 19, 21, and 21A (not Article 22). Statement 3 is correct as NCERT stated it is preparing textbooks in 22 Scheduled Languages. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that 99.19% of the 28,848 CBSE-affiliated schools have at least one Indian-language teacher. The other options are distractors: 47.3% is the percentage of schools offering two or more Indian languages, not the percentage with at least one teacher.

Explanation

The article explains that under the three-language policy, Class 9 students will study three languages, with at least two being Bhartiya Bhashas. Foreign languages are not prohibited; they can be one of the three or an additional fourth language. The policy aims to promote Indian languages, not eliminate foreign languages.

Explanation

The article states that the CRS report comes from the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Home Ministry. This is a static GK fact: the Registrar General is under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: CRS is continuous and compulsory. Statement 2 is incorrect: the Act was enacted in 1969, not 1970. Statement 3 is correct: the article gives death registration at 99.4% and birth at 99.1%. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states that by 2014, birth registration rose to 86.6% and death registration to 72.5%. Option A (48%) is death registration in 2000, B (56%) is birth registration in 2000, D (86.6%) is birth registration in 2014. So 72.5% is correct.

Explanation

The article emphasises that CRS provides foundational data for estimating mortality, fertility, and sex ratio at birth, which informs public policy. While birth certificates are linked to Aadhaar and voter ID (option B), that is a driver for registration, not the primary benefit of completeness. Options C and D are not mentioned.

Explanation

The Act East Policy is a foreign policy initiative, and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is the nodal ministry responsible for its implementation, coordination with ASEAN and Quad partners, and strategic outreach to the Indo-Pacific region.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the shift was declared at the 12th ASEAN-India Summit in 2014. Statement 2 is incorrect because the policy extends beyond Southeast Asia to the wider Indo-Pacific and includes security, cultural, and connectivity dimensions. Statement 3 is correct as the article mentions both hard and soft power aspects are incorporated.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that PM Modi declared the shift at the 12th ASEAN-India Summit in 2014. The other options are close distractors representing different summit years.

Explanation

The article clearly states the objective is to promote economic cooperation, strengthen cultural ties, and develop strategic relationships with countries in the Indo-Pacific. While countering China and military aspects may be part of it, the primary objective is broader and multi-dimensional.

Explanation

The Allahabad High Court held that reproductive autonomy is a part of personal liberty under Article 21. Article 21 has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to include dignity, privacy, and the right to make reproductive choices.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the court's order. Statement 2 is incorrect – the court did not strike down the Act; it only held that the rigid application of age restriction violated fundamental rights in this case. Statement 3 is correct as the embryos were preserved on July 18, 2015, prior to the Act's implementation.

Explanation

The Surrogacy Act sets the age limit for females between 23 and 50 years. The male limit is 26-55 years. The wife in this case was a 'little more than 50', thus exceeding the upper limit, which led to the legal challenge.

Explanation

The court noted that the couple had preserved three embryos on July 18, 2015, well before the enactment of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021. Therefore, the court held that the law did not apply to their case, and they were allowed to proceed with surrogacy.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is investigating India for forced labour concerns and has proposed the 12.5% tariff under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. The US Department of Commerce and other agencies are not mentioned in this context.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the article says the deal will be signed 'at the right moment', not immediately. Statement 2 is correct as per an official who said India will not open its market for US agricultural products. Statement 3 is incorrect; the 12.5% tariff is proposed, not yet imposed.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'The US has already proposed a 12.5% tariff on India following a Section 301 investigation into forced labour concerns.' The 10% tariff is under Section 122 and is global, not specific to India.

Explanation

The article quotes Commerce Secretary saying the deal will 'provide a pathway to address the proposed US tariffs on India under the Section 301 trade probe and will aim to protect Indian exporters from additional tariffs.' Options A, C, and D are not supported; India is actually increasing energy imports and not opening agricultural markets.

Explanation

The article specifically states that the data was released by China's General Administration of Customs. This is the nodal agency for customs and trade data in China, analogous to the CBIC in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article: imports rose 21.8% to $79.41 billion. Statement 2 is incorrect: exports grew by 37.2%, not 27.2%. Statement 3 is correct: bilateral trade was $91.72 billion, up 23.6%.

Explanation

The article states that the H1 2026 trade is on track to surpass the record $155.62 billion trade figure from 2025. $116.12 billion is the record trade deficit figure from 2025, while $79.41 billion and $91.72 billion are H1 2026 figures.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that Indian officials are 'less concerned by the quantum of the trade deficit with China than by the nature of the basket of goods.' India imports finished electronics and intermediates while exporting low value-added products like ores and chemicals.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) said the strikes hit targets across Iran. CENTCOM is the unified combatant command responsible for the Middle East and Central Asia, making option B correct.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Trump announced a 20% levy on all cargo through the strait. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iran's Revolutionary Guards also struck Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman, not just Bahrain. Statement 3 is correct: The White House confirmed Trump notified Congress of resumed military conflict, giving the Pentagon an additional 60 days. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article states: 'Oil prices shot up more than 9% Monday (July 13) over fears of renewed conflict and rose again Tuesday (July 14), piling on more than 1%.' The correct figure is 'more than 9%', so option C is the closest and correct.

Explanation

The article states that the US military mission aimed to 'degrade Iran's ability to attack commercial shipping' and Trump said a deal with Tehran was still possible. The blockade and fee are tools to pressure Iran, not to generate revenue (option A) or permanently close the strait (option C). Option D is a consequence but not the primary objective. Hence B is correct.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is an international strait where the principle of freedom of navigation applies under UNCLOS. Iran's attempt to impose fees challenges this principle. The article highlights that the US strongly rejects Iran's demand for fees, citing the need for free passage.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the bill was introduced in Iran's parliament. Statement 2 is correct as President Trump announced a 'takeover' and a 20% fee. Statement 3 is incorrect because the dispute is threatening, not strengthening, the framework deal.

Explanation

The article explicitly states: 'Iran's legislature had been suspended after the war broke out in late February, but resumed sessions on Monday (July 13, 2026).' July 14 is when the bill was introduced.

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, through which about 20% of global petroleum passes. Any disruption here directly impacts global oil prices and energy security, making it a strategic chokepoint.

Explanation

Chief Minister D.K. Shivakumar of Karnataka announced the establishment of India's first government-driven AI University on July 14, 2026, at the 'Google I/O Connect India 2026' event in Bengaluru.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the announcement. Statement 2 is correct as the CM announced an AI Hub as an incubation centre. Statement 3 is incorrect because Karnataka contributes nearly 40% (not 50%) of India's software exports.

Explanation

The Chief Minister stated that Karnataka contributes nearly 40% of India's software exports. The other options are close distractors but only 40% is the figure mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The CM announced the AI Hub as an incubation centre specifically for research and development in AI by start-ups, companies, and others. It is separate from the AI University and aims to foster innovation, not regulate or host the university.

Explanation

CBSE is a national board of school education under the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education (formerly Ministry of Human Resource Development, renamed in 2020).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the article – the three-language policy is a fundamental principle of NEP 2020. Statement 2 is incorrect because the CBSE clarified that the language combination is the same as Class 8, no new language is added. Statement 3 is incorrect – non-qualification in R3 does not cause detention; the student is promoted and must clear the assessment in Class 10.

Explanation

The CBSE stated that out of 28,848 schools sponsoring Class IX candidates, 47.3% already offer two or more native Indian languages and were fully compliant without needing additional teachers. 99.9% is the percentage of schools with at least one Indian language teacher.

Explanation

The article quotes the CBSE saying the policy aims to 'promote multilingualism and the power of language in teaching and learning'. The policy does not eliminate foreign languages (they can be studied as a fourth language) nor makes Hindi compulsory. Reduction of subjects is not the objective.

Explanation

The article mentions the National Investigation Agency (NIA) filed the supplementary chargesheet and the special NIA court issued the warrant. NIA is the premier counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because the warrant is in connection with the Pahalgam terror attack, not the 2008 Mumbai attacks (though Saeed is also the mastermind of Mumbai attacks). Statements 2 and 3 are correct as per the article: Saeed was charged under BNS and UAPA, and the Pahalgam attack killed 26 people on April 22, 2025.

Explanation

The article states the order was passed by the Special Judge of the NIA Court on July 8, two days after the NIA filed the supplementary chargesheet on July 6. July 14 is the publication date of the article.

Explanation

The court order explicitly states that arrest and custodial interrogation are necessary for a fair, complete and effective investigation. A non-bailable warrant authorizes the police to arrest the accused and bring them to court; it does not impose a sentence or designate terrorists. The warrant is a step in the legal process, not a final judgment.

Explanation

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol provides a standardized framework for classifying emissions. Scope 1 covers direct emissions, Scope 2 energy use, and Scope 3 supply chain. The other protocols focus on different aspects of climate change.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Google's total emissions rose to 18.84 million tonnes from 15.93 million, an 18% increase. Statement 2 is correct: Amazon reported that supply chain emissions account for 76% of its carbon footprint. Statement 3 is incorrect: Microsoft's total emissions increased by 25% to 20 million tonnes; the pause on unbundled RECs affected measurement but did not reduce emissions.

Explanation

Amazon's absolute emissions were reported at 80.85 million tonnes CO2e, significantly higher than Google's 18.84 million and Microsoft's 20 million. Meta's 2025 emissions were not yet released.

Explanation

All three companies attributed the emission increase primarily to expanding data centre infrastructure to meet AI workloads. While other factors like supply chain and hardware manufacturing contributed, AI was the overlapping driver highlighted in the reports.

Explanation

The circular dated July 10, 2026, was issued by CBSE, the board that conducts Class 10 and 12 examinations. NCERT and the Ministry of Education filed separate affidavits in the Supreme Court, but the policy directive came from CBSE.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: CBSE explicitly said students who fail Class 9 R3 assessment will not be detained but promoted to Class 10. Statement 2 is incorrect: the revised norms do not apply to the current Class 10 batch (2026-27). Statement 3 is correct as per CBSE's counter-affidavit.

Explanation

CBSE disclosed that 99.19% of its 28,848 affiliated schools have at least one Indian-language teacher. The 47.3% figure refers to schools offering two or more Indian languages to Class 9 students.

Explanation

The policy is part of operationalising the NEP 2020's three-language formula, which requires students to study three languages, with two being native to India. The school-based assessment ensures compliance without adding a board exam burden.

Explanation

Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code defines and punishes sedition. Section 144 deals with unlawful assembly, Section 153A with promoting enmity between groups, and Section 295A with outraging religious feelings.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as per the HC's observation. Statement 2 is incorrect because the court upheld the acquittal, not conviction. Statement 3 is correct as the FSL report did not find kerosene, petrol, or diesel residues. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The incident occurred on August 25, 2017, after Dera Sacha Sauda chief Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh's rape conviction. July 2, 2026 is the date of the HC order, and July 14, 2026 is the publication date of the news article.

Explanation

The court clarified that sloganeering against the government by itself does not attract Section 124A, reinforcing the principle that sedition provisions should not be used to curb legitimate democratic expression. Violent protests remain punishable as rioting, but not as sedition unless they incite hatred against the government.

Explanation

The article states that a paper published in Current Science was authored by scientists at BARC, flagging concerns about thorium-HALEU fuel in India's PHWRs. BARC is the primary nuclear research centre under the Department of Atomic Energy.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: ANEEL fuel combines thorium with HALEU. Statement 2 is incorrect: The BARC paper concluded that the fuel was 'far from a drop-in option', while it is CCTE that calls it a 'plug-and-play' replacement. Statement 3 is correct: The CCTE paper claims CVR reduction from 16.4 mk to 13.3 mk.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that CCTE estimates the existing shutdown system has an estimated worth of 70 mk against a safety requirement of 50 mk, concluding that redesign is unnecessary. The other options are incorrect swaps of values.

Explanation

The article states that the partnership aims to explore development and deployment of ANEEL for existing nuclear stations in India, subject to regulatory clearances. It also includes indigenisation of manufacturing and supply chain development, but not building new reactors or uranium mining.

Explanation

The sustainable data centre policy is a state-level initiative driven by the Karnataka government. The article mentions Priyank Kharge as the Information Technology Minister, indicating this falls under the Karnataka IT & BT Department. Though MeitY (A) and MoEFCC (B) are relevant at the central level, the policy is state-specific.

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect — the water used is 'secondary-treated water', not 'primary-treated water'. Secondary treatment is more advanced. Statement 2 is correct: the Pavagada Solar Park capacity is 2,000 MW. Statement 3 is correct: a committee of senior IAS officers has been constituted to submit a report on locations.

Explanation

The article clearly states 'A 500 MW data centre here would use 60 MLD of secondary-treated water...' Thus, the correct capacity is 500 MW. The other options are distractors — 2,000 MW is the capacity of Pavagada Solar Park.

Explanation

The article highlights the government's concern about 'environmental sustainability of energy- and water-intensive data centres'. The green data centres will use solar power (renewable energy) and secondary-treated water (reducing freshwater consumption), directly addressing environmental impact.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the Rajasthan High Court, bench of Justices Pushpendra Singh Bhati and Praveer Bhatnagar, delivered the judgment on July 7, 2026.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the scheme was launched in 2005 and plots were given on a 99-year lease. Statement 2 is incorrect: the plots were on a leasehold, not freehold basis. Statement 3 is correct: the court ordered reversion of transferred plots to the state.

Explanation

The article repeatedly mentions that the judgment cancelled the transfer of 184 welfare plots allotted under the Keer Kheda Gadia Lohar Yojana.

Explanation

The article states that the scheme was 'conceived to provide permanent housing and social security to one of India’s historically marginalised denotified, nomadic and semi-nomadic communities'.

Explanation

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) handles India's foreign relations and diplomatic protocols, including summoning foreign envoys to lodge protests. This is a core function of the MEA, not the Home or Defence ministries.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: the Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman. Statement 2 is incorrect: maritime law prohibits any nation from claiming exclusive sovereign rights over a natural waterway. Statement 3 is correct: the article states both the US and Iran have staked claim to the Strait. Hence option C is correct.

Explanation

The article explicitly states that the US claimed to have struck over 140 Iranian targets in retaliation. The other options are close distractors, but 140 is the exact figure mentioned in the news.

Explanation

The article highlights the killing of an Indian sailor and notes that India imports significant oil from the Gulf. The Strait of Hormuz is a critical chokepoint for global oil shipments, making energy security and the safety of Indian nationals the primary concerns. Direct military involvement is unlikely, and tourism/diplomatic staff reductions are secondary issues.

Explanation

The Election Commission of India is the constitutional body empowered to conduct elections and maintain electoral rolls. The Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is a specific exercise undertaken by the ECI to update voter lists. UIDAI handles Aadhaar, not voter lists.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as the article mentions SIR updates voter lists by removing duplicate/deceased voters and adding new eligible citizens. Statement 2 is incorrect – the article criticizes that Aadhaar is NOT being accepted as address proof in SIR. Statement 3 is correct – Ram Sewak Sharma played a central role as founder director of UIDAI.

Explanation

The article clearly states that Ram Sewak Sharma – founder director of UIDAI – amplified concerns about the SIR in an article in the same newspaper. He argued that not accepting Aadhaar as address proof contradicts India's digital governance philosophy.

Explanation

The article emphasizes that the document-heavy method places an unfair burden on citizens, and combined with the state's own lapses in record-keeping, it risks disenfranchisement. Ram Sewak Sharma warns that a republic must not make its people prove again and again they belong.